Research Articles Base: International Relations

Strategic relations between Pakistan and China and its implications on India

Strategic relations between Pakistan and China and its implications on India   Peiris (2010) have noted, Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari’s five-day visit to China, starting July 6, sought to strengthen economic and strategic relations between two countries. Zardari met Chinese President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao and a number of other important political and business leaders. This is Zardari’s fifth visit to China, including two official visits since he was elected as the country’s president in 2008. Besieged by deep economic and political crisis and continued tensions with India, Islamabad considers China as an important ally. In context of growing international power rivalry, including with India, Beijing is seeking to consolidate its relations with Islamabad. Several investment and trade agreements beneficial to Pakistan were signed during Zardari’s visit. However, there was no mention whether Zardari and Chinese leaders discussed plans for China to build two new nuclear reactors in energy-hungry Pakistan. This initiative has drawn concern among major powers, particularly the US and India. According to Pakistan’s ambassador to China, Masood Khan, approximately 120 Chinese enterprises work in Pakistan. China has invested in Pakistani telecommunications, energy, infrastructure, heavy engineering, IT, mining, and defence industries. New agreements signed include building hydroelectric dams, transfer of hybrid seed technology, expanding banking operations, roads and communication networks, and cooperation in agriculture focusing on optimum utilization of irrigation water and development of new high yielding varieties of wheat and cotton. China also promised to provide 50 million Yuan as a grant to Pakistan for new projects. China is also funding the construction of Gwadar Port in Balochistan province. This is part of a strategic initiative to build naval positions dubbed the “string of pearls” by US analysts—a series of port installations on Indian Ocean sea lanes from Hong Kong to the Port of Sudan. As well as in Pakistan, Beijing is helping finance construction of port facilities in Myanmar (Burma), Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. For Pakistan, cooperation with China, its historic ally in the region, holds out the prospect of major economic benefits. The China National Energy Administration aims to work with Pakistani authorities to develop Pakistan’s energy supply. Pakistan’s severe economic crisis has been intensified by its massive electricity power shortage of 4,000-5,000 MW over its capacity of 16,500 MW. This has crippled the industrial sector, which is incapable of providing sufficient electricity for production, notably in the textile industry. Pakistan is under the influence of a dangerous cocktail. It at once faces a growing insurgency led by Taliban and al Qaeda militants, a domestic political system characterized by interminable infighting, and an economic meltdown. Inside the U.S. government, preventing against a Pakistani collapse has become the clarion call for inter-agency coordination. The antidote, however, is unclear. Pakistani officials have long considered the United States a fickle and unreliable partner. For the last sixty years U.S. policy toward Pakistan has oscillated wildly between two extremes: entrancement with Islamabad and an unquestioning embrace of its policies, or chastisement of the country for provoking wars or developing nuclear weapons. Today, Pakistani discontent with Washington stands at a record high. According to recent polls, only 16% of Pakistanis have a favorable view of the U.S., while 68% look upon the United States unfavorably.1 From 2000 to 2008, America’s unfavorable ratings in Pakistan consistently exceeded 50%. Pakistanis believe the United States treats them as a disposable ally, convenient friend when fighting communism or al Qaeda, but one just as easily thrown away when core American interests are no longer at stake. Pakistan sits at the nexus of many of its most pressing concerns. Beijing has invested billions of dollars in highways, naval ports and energy conduits within Pakistan, all of which serve China’s strategic or economic security needs. In the wake of Uighur Chinese discontent in the Xinjiang province, concern in Beijing that militant Islamic ideology in Pakistan might actuate further domestic rioting in the mainland has intensified. And finally, while China’s border disputes with India remain unresolved, the two giant neighbors have established a mature framework for discussion that supplements a more robust interaction characterized by rapidly increasing trade and people-to-people exchanges. This rapprochement is indicative of China’s broadening agenda in South and Central Asia. The focus on the parallel development of the political, economic and security relationships between China and Pakistan, and the United States and Pakistan. It reviews the origins of those relationships and explains why Beijing, Islamabad and Washington have proved unable to cooperate in the past to achieve measurable security gains. It then analyzes the deteriorating situation in Pakistan today and highlights both the American and the Chinese interest in sustaining a stable Pakistan. This assessment is followed by recommendations on how the three countries can come together to achieve short-term security goals in Pakistan. Any Indian expectation that as part of the assurance of Prime Minister Wen of caring for India’s core interests and major concerns, China would reverse its policy of helping Pakistan in the development of its railway and road infrastructure in the Gilgit-Baltistan area bordering Xinjiang, which de jure is part of India’s Jammu and Kashmir, and developing the hydro-electric potential in the Gilgit-Baltistan area was belied when the two countries announced the formal signing of more agreements relating to Gilgit-Baltistan during Mr.Zardari’s stay in Beijing.   Reference Peiris V (2010) Zardari’s visit strengthens Pakistan-China relations, 22 July 2010   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Strategic relations between Pakistan and China and its implications on India

Strategic relations between Pakistan and China and its implications on India Peiris (2010) have noted, Pakistan President Asif Ali Z...

International Relations and Diplomacy

Professional Objectives and Interests               My selected field is international relations and diplomacy. From the very beginning of my secondary education, I am really interested in the relationship of countries, roles of corporations, government agencies, non-government agencies and other stakeholders in the overall economic and social condition of the world. I am interested on how this somewhat complicated and knotty relationships and connections influence the performance of each other, and how the stakeholders continue to manage their day-to-day operations and performance.             First of all, I am from a family with political background. Some of the family members are politician or have a position in the government, elected or appointed, while I have some family members who are into laws. With this, I grew up hearing information about the different laws, rules, regulations and policies about different aspects of the economy, politics, environment as well as social aspect of the country. In addition, I came to realize that each and every stakeholder in the entire world have their roles and responsibilities in order to maintain the systematized order of society.             With this, my interest grows, which pushed and motivated me to do further researches and studies regarding the subject matter. After this, I realize the complexity of relationship between organizations and stakeholders in one country, at the same time; I came to realize more complexities in the international arena. There are many political and public policy issues which directly or indirectly influences the lives of people and performance of organizations in the world. This includes issues related to trade agreements up to the visa requirements and even up to issues of taxes and tariffs. In addition, there are also different subjects that are interesting for me which include peace studies, arms control, human trafficking as well as different economic, social and political issues related with the lives of people.             I also believe that different changes and improvement in the world of politics providing and turning into nation-based business and public policies obsolete and out-of-date. Thus, the connections between economies and politics of different countries, together with the concerns of the world towards the planet, have resulted to the rise of new educational needs that will focus on the international environment.             As a result, these changes made me think and perceived that diplomacy and international relations is indeed a very interesting topic and subject, which will help me in order to fully develop my analytical and diplomacy skills.             With all of these, I believe that my education in AVVS will be helpful because it offers a unique blend and mix of academic education in terms of international relations and political sciences with practical education as well as training in the different areas of negotiation and diplomacy. This is because it offers issues related to the complicated fight and battle for the rights of animal. This issue is considered as important aspect in my field because of the differences between the rules, regulations and policies of different countries regarding the rights of animals. With this, it will help me to practice my analytical and diplomacy skills, which will make me a better me in the future.   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

International Relations and Diplomacy

Professional Objectives and Interests My selected field is international relations and diplomacy. From the very beginning ...

Essay on International Relations

INTERNATIONAL RELATION         Generally speaking international relation refer to a study of relationship between countries, their interaction may involve any or all of the following; nation and state standing, international affairs like united nation, ASEAN, it can also be a non government organization, trade relation, education and environmental issues. International Relation has been establish as early as civilization and has been long practice in the early times although they have a limited resources in communication and transportation international trade and product exchange have been practiced between nations, when people started travelling the world using boats and large vessels.       Basically there are no recorded history of how International Relation started, people would travel from any end of the world just to find products that they do not have in their country, Chinese people would visit the Philippines in exchange for their porcelain for animals and vegetable while the Spanish would travel the far- east and other parts of the world. As of today International Relation is highly practiced through advance effort of worldwide international organizations. Most of all International policy exchange has been established so that countries may have a standard basis to have a fair and justifiable International exchange and governance. The continuous advancement in technology makes International Relation spread even more.       The trade exchange may give sufficiency of supplies among nations example is Saudi Arabia exchange their oil minerals from other countries giving them enough supplies for their economy while other nation give labor force and other goods and services. As long as there is a need, we cannot help but to exchange. International relation among students and knowledge exchange, culture, traditions gives a remarkable outstanding increase of cross cultural patterns and business trade relationship, giving each country a different contribution of skills and talents that they can use in their countries.        Tourism introduce perspective local and foreign business and trade relation and practices it can opens up a whole new world of opportunities between nation to visit countries around the globe and experience cross cultural differences and discover different dimension and cultural norms, participating countries in tourism has introduced the best of the best in their countries and so, foreign nationalities may be encourage to invest even more or plan to live there..       International Relationship gives way to Cooperation and Humanitarian mission including international organizations like World Health Organization  takes its principle in promoting foreign help and secure their health related issues, Africa who have a very high risk in HIV, Maternal problems Cancers etc. has benefited widely in their programs.    World Bank and International Monetary Fund have given inspiration and livelihood to new industrialized countries. Red Cross volunteers have also gained international citation for giving blood donation and first aid around the world. So many International Relation organization and humanitarian mission transcend around the world.          There are also negative effects although controllable in International Relationship including military threats which is unplanned and uncertain to arise. If any nation would have a civil war these International affairs including United Nations would be the one to manifest and dictate autonomy against countries, danger may arise when other countries would try to get involve. Nuclear power and other warfare is definitely a devastating and threatening when conflict arises and it may escalate into intimidation and therefore war.        The most significant International Relationship benefits among nation is the exchange of technology, factories now have an advance machineries that they can use to mass produce and their source of technology may come from International sources. Farms and farmers now have the equipment to grow their crops in a more advanced ways that is why their production is now exported and imported. The same way for the fisher folks who can grow their business in the backyard.       International Relation enhances Communication and Transportation that open up even more opportunities in global positioning that is why people can now travel in and out of the country they want to visit for business and personal purpose and if they can’t they simply use their cell-phone to interact or use the Internet to perform their businesses which is fast and most of all free.         This entire revolutionized concept has been performed by International Relation and the involvement of the top leaders of the world has taken responsibilities and has been the major player and the primary political powers united together to interact all its phases. Top leaders and Presidents of the world gathered together to exchange ideas and create International policies so that international relation and participation between countries is uniformed and organized.   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Essay on International Relations

INTERNATIONAL RELATION Generally speaking international relation refer to a study of relationship between countries, their intera...

Balance of Power in International Relations

Balance of Power in International Relations               The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Communist block changed the balance of power (BOP) in the world- from a bipolar world or some would argue, a multi-polar (power coming from the United States, Europe, Japan and USSR) balance, the world came to acknowledge the dominance of the United States as the sole political and economic hegemonic power. However, the European Community, China and Japan provided the much-needed balance on US hegemony. This in turn had changed the nature of international relations throughout the world. While some would argue that a unipolar power distribution would create a more balanced world, it had nevertheless created repercussions on the inter-relationships of countries.   The Nature of Balance of Power Balance of power (BOP) had been coined due to the prevalence of war or violence in the early 19th century. It as traditionally been viewed as the stabilizing factor particularly when World War I, World War II and the Cold War began. It is the primary reason for the non-occurrence of wars. It serves to stabilize states from starting a war. The formation of nuclear bombs further precipitated the threat of world annihilation thus, strengthening the role of BOP in international relations. Each country particularly the US and Russia were aware of each other’s power thus, preventing a war. However, the post-Cold War era marked the evolution of BOP. From the traditional military and nuclear power it has extended its domain into the economic and political sphere. Simply put, power is the ability to effect the outcomes you want and, if necessary, to change the behavior of others to make this happen. The ability to obtain the outcomes one wants is often associated with the possession of certain resources, and so we commonly use shorthand and define power as possession of relatively large amounts of such elements as population, territory, natural resources, economic strength, military force, and political stability. Power in this sense means holding the high cards in the international poker game. If you show high cards, others are likely to fold their hands. Traditionally, the test of a great power was “strength for war’ (Waltz, 1999). War was the ultimate game in which the cards of international politics were played and estimates of relative power were proven. Over the centuries, as technologies evolved, the sources of power have changed. Power in the global information age is becoming less tangible and less coercive, particularly among the advanced countries, but most of the world does not consist of postindustrial societies, and that limits the transformation of power (Chace, and Rizopoulos, 1999).  The balance-of-power theory of international relations hypothesizes that international stability is a result of a balance of power among nations or groups thereof. When this balance obtains, no nation can afford the risk of war, knowing that it will be forced to fight on at least approximately even terms. When any one nation or alliance grows too strong and aggressive, other states will out of fear ally against it, maintaining the balance of power. Should a state or alliance grow too strong and aggressive to be contained by the threat of conflict, actual war may erupt out of this imbalance of power. In all likelihood, the resulting war will alter the international order, creating a new balance of power. A different view is shown by Organski who asserts that the international system is less likely to achieve peace when there is a balance of power (Organski, 1968, p. 27).  The balance of power depends on violence or the threat of violence by one or more states in the system to counteract another state’s rise in power. This assumes on both sides the presence of weapons. For one state to become any sort of threat by expansion assumes that the state has the ability of aggression. To counteract this expansion, the other state(s) must also be armed. Removing this variable, then, has the consequence of making a balance of power meaningless, because there would be no military power to balance (Bull, 226). Morgenthau & Thompson, reach the opposite conclusion stating that “ the balance of power and politics aiming at its preservation are not only inevitable but are an essential stabilizing factor in a society of sovereign nations” (1985, p. 167).  Other determinants of decision-making about conflict will also be discussed.  With this background information, predictions to a survey will be presented along with its data, methodology, limitations and conclusions. Balance of power had been a prevalent notion during much of world politics since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 established that each state should have exclusive supreme sovereignty over the citizens within its borders (Scholte, 19-21). Balance of power in itself can have many meanings, but in practice, it refers to an inherent stabilizing mechanism of the states system wherein no one country is allowed to gain a power advantage relative to the other states. When one state would seem to be gaining an unequal amount of power in terms of land, military, or other resources, the other states would naturally, if not consciously, react by halting the expansion, in effect “balancing” the power. Naturally, this in most cases involved violence. From this take off point, economic and political hegemony served as the primary determinant of BOP. The US being the recognized economic superpower thus assumed the hegemonic status in international relations. It is seen in their control of the international governing bodies such as the United Nations, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. These institutions in turn, controls the policies by each state particularly the developing and the underdeveloped countries. While the threat of war had been revoked, economic and political sanctions were the weapons of these institutions in order to coerce nations to cooperate.   The presence of communism and insurgences however still threatens to disintegrate the current balance of power. However, according to Nye (2002), the term “balance of power” is sometimes used in contradictory ways. The most interesting use of the term is as a predictor about how countries will behave; that is, will they pursue policies that will prevent any other country from developing power that could threaten their independence? By the evidence of history, many believe, the current preponderance of the United States will call forth a countervailing coalition that will eventually limit American power. In the words of the self-styled realist political scientist Kenneth Waltz, “both friends and foes will react as countries always have to threatened or real predominance of one among them: they will work to right the balance. The present condition of international politics is unnatural” (Waltz, 2000).   Balance of Power in International Relations According to Mcnicoll (1999) two principles chiefly govern the relationships among states. One is the reality (or, more strictly, the perception) of relative power – economic and military, isolated or in alliance. The other is the convention of the sovereign equality of states. The structure of the United Nations echoes these principles, with the Security Council in conception a concert of great powers, and the General Assembly a concert of all. The Council embodies a realist view of peacekeeping, albeit the realities of half a century ago, with a provision (Article 12) in the Charter ensuring that the Assembly can only deal with matters that the Council has not preempted. In international relations theory, power is defined either in terms of the economic and military capabilities of states or as the ability to command or influence the actions of others – whether directly or by setting the rules of the game (Rothgeb 1993). However, the distinction between the two – between power-as-resources and power-as-control – is somewhat blurred: a state with large resource-based capabilities is in a position to persuade, if necessary by threat or coercion: it must be listened to. Today, the new world order rests on one hegemon- the United States. Not since Rome has one nation loomed so large above the others. In the words of The Economist, “the United States bestrides the globe like a colossus (Nye, 2002). It dominates business, commerce and communications; its economy is the world’s most successful, its military might second to none” (The Economist, 1999).  French foreign minister Hubert Vedrine argued in 1999 that the United States had gone beyond its superpower status of the twentieth century. “U.S. supremacy today extends to the economy, currency, military areas, lifestyle, language and the products of mass culture that inundate the world, forming thought and fascinating even the enemies of the United States” (Marlowe, 1999; Vedrine and Moisi, 2001). Or as two American triumphalists put it, “Today’s international system is built not around a balance of power but around American hegemony” (Kagan and Kristol, 2000).    Effects of Balance of Power The United States having the military, economic and political power dictates the new world order. While it has pursued cooperative relationships with the rest of the world, it has nonetheless pursued policies and decisions that jeopardizes international relations and the had threatened national sovereignty. BOP as I have shown provides stability in terms of the onset of wars. Moreover, it provides an international order in the midst of an anarchic international relations. However, there are repercussions on the balance of power in today’s international relations. For one, it threatens the sovereignty of the nation-state. This is particularly true for developing and the Third World Countries where international institutions (IMF, World Bank and UN) dictates the policies to be implemented. These institutions as I have shown are heavily influenced by the United States. The primary means of undermining the state power is through internationalization and globalization. The terms of this however, is dictated by those who have a well-developed economic system. The balance of power thus, centers on the ability to influence political and economic relationship in the international arena. The new world order is becoming incorporated, and business is rising. For the moment, the nation-state as we knew it is in decline. This is a serious problem, since the nation-state will continue to be the prime interlocutor in an increasingly complex world, and the only one that speaks with authority to both supranational and subnational authorities. The challenge for the nation-state is two-fold: First, it must ensure that as the world becomes increasingly interdependent economically as a result of the internationalization of trade the social spillovers are not neglected. This is not so difficult, as long as advanced industrialized nations exercise leadership. Second, it must find new ways of ensuring democratic access to the national decisions that are part of the supranational decision-making process. This is much more complicated. But unless nation-states make their citizens feel that they are participating in the supranational decisions that increasingly affect their lives, the legitimacy of both the supranational organizations and the nation-state will be increasingly open to question. Since the balance of power paradigm is socially constructed, it follows that the current relationship between states can be altered by social change, and this may be happening. It is a paradox that, while our contact with each other created a psychological feeling of individuality, that same contact may eventually increase our feelings of identity through the course of societal evolution. While technology at first increased our feelings of alienation, technology may in the end bring us closer together. The bounds of the earth have been reached – there are currently no other societies to cause us to feel further alienated. A recognition that we are all part of a global society, and with that recognition the demise of the balance of power system, may not happen overnight, but there are many signs that we are headed in that direction. In time, the change hoped for may be eventually be brought about by change itself.             Second, the post-Cold War balance of power places its emphasis on an integration of culture and interdependence of nations. The global culture that this new world order seeks to build centers on the notion of what is desirable across national boundaries. This has resulted to wars (as in the case of Afghanistan, Iraq, East Timor, etc.) in countries that does not accept the doctrines deemed acceptable by the international community or the Western concept. This is made possible by the control on media and information of developed countries.             Third, the emergence of China as an economic power threatens the economic hegemony of countries such as the EC, US and Japan. China presents a crucial part in the balance of the world not only economically and politically but also in its building of arms. The role of BOP in case China achieves its full potential shall be altered. Nevertheless, it’s ability to stabilize international relations shall still be achieved.             Finally, the evolution of balance of power assures that it shall not be deemed obsolete in international relations. It shall continue to take its place as the stabilizing factor in cases when wars- economic, political or military shall occur. It serves as the risk-averse factor in most countries knowing that it shall not benefit them in the long run.   References Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: The Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. Chace, J. and Rizopoulos, N. (1999) Towards a New Concert of Nations: An American Perspective. World Policy Journal (Fall 1999): 9.   Kagan, R. and Kristol, W. (2000) The Present Danger. The National Interest (Spring).   Marlowe, L. (4 November 1999) French Minister Urges Greater UN Role to Counter US Hyperpower. The Irish Times, 4 November 1999.   Mcnicoll, G. (1999) Population Weights in the International Order. Population and Development Review, Vol. 25.   Morgenthau, H..J. & Thompson, K. (1985).  Politics Among Nations. 6th ed. N.Y.: Alfred A. Knoph.    Nye, J. (2002) Limits of American power. Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 117.   Organski, A.F.K. (1968).  World Politics. (2nd ed.) New York: Alfred A. Knopf.   Rothgeb, JM., Jr. (1993). Defining Power: Influence and Force in the Contemporary International System. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Scholte, JA. (1997) International History 1900-1945. The Globalization of World Politics. Eds. John Baylis and Steve Smith. New York: Oxford University Press. The Economist. (23 October 1999) America’s World.   Vedrine, H. and Moisi, D. (2001) France in an Age of Globalization. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 2.   Waltz, K. (2000) Globalization and American Power. The National Interest (Spring): 55-56.   Waltz, K. (Dec 1999) Globalization and Governance. Political Science and Politics: 700.                                                                                        Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Balance of Power in International Relations

Balance of Power in International Relations The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Communist block changed the balan...

Football: A tool for International Relations; The case of Cameroon from 1982-2010

African Football Team in International Relationships with other Countries   Cameroon is an African national football team or commonly known a Les Lions Indomptables or (The Indomitable Lions) which always participates in the FIFA World Cup starting in 1982.   And, the team has been able to qualify six times since 1982, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2010. Cameroon has a World Cup Objective of   go beyond eight participations in the football arena.  They are the only African team who did a remarkable record in the field on African football.  The Cameroon is being guided and managed by Federation Camerounaise de Football.  The Cameroon league is considered the most successful African football team in FIFA word cup.  In fact, the team is recognized as the pioneer of African team to be able to reach the quarter –final of the World Cup in 1990.   Cameroon team was able to win four Africa Cup of Nations plus a gold medal during the Summer Olympics in 2000.   One of the unforgettable moments of the Cameroon members was the victory they had over Spain during the Sydney Olympics.  Cameroon at first had a bad performance, but managed to   shoot out and win in the final game.   (http://www.online-betting.me.uk/world-cup/world-cup-2010-team-cameroon.html)  Accordingly, in 1984, Cameroon   beat Nigeria in the final round.  This was the first time that Africa had a champion in the field of football.  Thereafter, Cameron again qualified to play in the 1990 World Cup by defeating Nigeria and Tunisia in the final round playoff.   During the final tournament Cameroon league was able to win over the defending champion Argentina   only in the opening game.   Subsequently, the African football team was able also to defeat Romania, but they were not able to make it with the Soviet Union.  During this game, the Cameroon was becoming the first   African football team to top a World Cup Finals group with a negative goal difference.   In the second round of the game, Cameroon was able to defeat Columbia.  They were only defeated by England in the last round. After four years, Cameroon joined again in the 1994 World Cup in the USA.  That time, Cameroon was able to qualify with Nigeria and Morocco.  In the final round, Cameroon was   set to fight against Sweden, Brazil and Russia.  Although, they were defeated by Russia, but the oldest player in the team Roger Milla had able to win the game.  Years later, in 1998,   the Cameroon team was again qualified to participate in the World Cup to be held in France.  Among the five African countries, Cameroon qualified to draw into group B with Italy, Chile, and Austria.  During this game, Cameroon team was once more showed their outstanding football playing skills to win the game.  In 2002, they also joined in the World Cup Tournament which was   sponsored by Korea-Japan.  In this game, the team was able to defeat Saudi Arabia.   Nevertheless, they were defeated by Germany in 2006.  Again, Cameroon team was qualified to play again in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. (http://www.online-betting.me.uk/world-cup/world-cup-2010-team-cameroon.html) On the positive side, there are many   great impacts of the Cameroon’s eight-time qualification in the FIFA World Cup; since this has been a great opportunity for all the African football players to visit the different countries in the globe.  At the same time, the series games that they had played with various nations marked as a sign of intercultural relationships between Africa and    the rest of the participants of the FIFA World Cup.  More than anything else, the African people must be thankful to these brilliant men for bringing prestige and honor to their country. For the awards and recognition that this team has been bringing in  to Africa every time they qualified in the World Cup and especially upon winning over the games.  For all Africans, World Cup’s participation has been an enormous advantage for them; since this is the first time in the African land to have international champions.  This is a great pride and honor for every African, being recognized as one of the   finest football players in the world.  This is also a great opportunity for the African nation to prove to the rest of the world, that they have also world-class athletes that can compete    magnificently in the international arena.  Aside from that, the FIFA World Cup 2010 which was held in South Africa contributed a lot to the increase of tourism revenue in the country.    This was the first World Cup which first hosted   by Africa, and there were a lot of foreign visitors who   graced the special event.  This was one way of improving the international relationship of African people with the rest of the people in the world.  (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_national_football_team) References: http://www.online-betting.me.uk/world-cup/world-cup-2010-team-cameroon.html http://www.online-betting.me.uk/world-cup/world-cup-2010-team-cameroon.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_national_football_team   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Football: A tool for International Relations; The case of Cameroon from 1982-2010

African Football Team in International Relationships with other Countries Cameroon is an African national football team or commonly ...

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