Research Articles Base: Education

Is Outcome Based Education Suitable Schools in Papua New Guinea

OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA       Outcome Based Education is an educational system that focused on student centered model of learning measuring on their participation and performance that is result driven in learning. This learning system basically demonstrates the students learning behavior which is empirical and guided. In the U.S. is has been popular in the 80’s and this system has become experimental in other countries in the 90’s but some countries basically used it as a learning methodology in replacement of traditional learning process. Its outcome can be easily asses and measured.       The difference of OBE is that students are to be measured individually this means that teachers can use a variety of grading system rather than the traditional written examination and therefore the grade of the student is not based entirely on academic but also in other area of competence while in traditional learning students are spoon feed or they are ordered to memorized about lessons and that should be most the basis in grading rather than a part of it.       This has been the reason why student who memorize more achieved more in school giving only a little emphasize on other areas of learning practice and somehow the teacher is the one who control the authority and grading system base on what is written on their books and what they dictates to the students. This has been the old pattern in learning which the academe and scholars finds it to be obscure and somehow lacking of value and sense of real education. That is why in an attempt to change the system the Outcome Based Education has been introduced to focus on four basic principles of clarity of learning, expanded opportunities, expectation and design.       This open up a whole new opportunity of students to excel in other field rather than the academic area of competence but they can explore a more progressive behavior in learning. In Papua New Guinea the system has been adopted in Curriculum Reform Implementation Project (CRIP) The Government of PNG (GoPNG) and the Government of Australia (GoA) has been very supportive to even extend a fund up to the year of 2006. It has been suggested in 1998 and thoroughly implemented in 2000 and slowly be implemented nationwide up to 2009 from various elementary grades up to the primary grades, slowly reaching to the present times till it capture the whole nations. The goal was to improve the quality of education.       The basic principles of the system was emphasized to the teacher and also taught to the student about the reform that the learning outcome was student centered. The National Curriculum Statement endorsed it as an appropriate system in learning that they assure the student can learn new skills, new ideas new attitude and skills. Most of all it also includes Information Technology which is highly needed around the world.  The reform also includes developmental approach in learning the basic intellectual, emotional, cultural and spiritual approach. The students will learn in a more practical rather than traditional manner and teacher will act as a support rather than the only source in learning.         But undeniably for the last 14 years Papua New Guinea has gone through a series of changes and reforms in education structure that resulted in confusion and many studies revealed that parents and students simply lack education after graduation from elementary and there are no signs or changes for the students therefore outcome based education is not appropriate to the Guinean people. Parents would argue that such curriculum changes or system changes from traditional to Outcome Based Education never really met the qualification of their children to find a job or to be accepted in factories which has been their basic needs.       The people are calling back to resurrect the old education system but the government cannot immediately return back the system rather it will take years to reform back the plan which has been funded largely by the government and other organization.  Australian Government have spent a large amount for the project in reform but still show no sign of progression from students the people even perceived that the Outcome Based Education is a colonial mentally ill performance of the government. Others thought it was deceptive, they say it is deliberately a dumb system. There are many organization and students themselves have opposed the OBE in their country. In as much as the people perceived the system is a failure, even the teachers would say that the English system has no order.       This goes to show that Outcome Based Education system has been a good system in other countries but does not necessarily be beneficial to others, the outcome of education and the majority proved that the system has not been effective. The system itself is not the problem and it cannot be held responsible but the immediate and the lack of planning before implementation shows a heavy burden in the country of Papua New Guinea that result in a cry of the people. While there is nothing wrong in a reform for the government looks for ways to change but its negative effects shows that the only thing they can do is to revert back to the traditional system to ease their burden, but the people must need to wait for it to be fully exercised. Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Is Outcome Based Education Suitable Schools in Papua New Guinea

OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Outcome Based Education is an educational system that focused on student centered model...

POSSIBLE IMPLICATION FOR MATHEMATICS TEACHERS USING MENTAL MATH PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES

POSSIBLE IMPLICATION FOR MATHEMATICS TEACHERS USING MENTAL MATH PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES         Teachers are masters of their subject so they can easily teach in school because they have learned so much. Depending on their topics, there are teachers who inherently strong in memorization and things that they taught to school and university is within their mind, they may even teach without the use of book references. Teachers are the most valuable sources of knowledge in school and in our society and this is a universally accepted principle. However in the area of computation and mathematics subjects, there are possible implications and considerations that they need to take before using certain standard and teaching techniques which include teaching mental mathematics to children through elementary up to the college levels.       Basically teachers have already perfected their craft and mentally they are prepared and there will be no problem on their part teaching mental mathematics may even be an advantage for most teachers since they do not need to write and analyze most figures but usually the one who are affected will be mostly their students. Possible implications would be, students will experience more difficulty in computation and analysis since they have not seen most of the computation and that they have not written such numbers but they will be force to use their mind from such variables. Mental mathematics may be good to highly gifted students but still this is not a good teaching technique especially among the very young students in elementary since their brain is not susceptible to adopt a higher pattern of thinking analysis.       Mental Mathematics techniques is an advance learning tools to High School and College students but not necessarily in elementary since there are also weak students in this bracket and they may not also perform well using mental mathematics. They must have exhibited mental extraordinary powers in order to understand such skills; in response most average students can only perform a limited task and for the teachers, frustration may set it as an implication to their teaching pattern. Another disadvantages to the teachers is the possibility of erroneous methodology, for whatever reasons and no matter how good a teacher maybe, most probably they may gone wrong in the mind of the students. Teachers may also confuse the students and themselves upon harder math computation and longer discussion.       Basically grade school pupils may have a possibility to easily understand common mental mathematics using four basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division but they are less likely to perform well using larger number and other mathematical operations. This is not to say that mental mathematics should not be taught in class, it’s just that the implication is more likely to be negative. If teachers have to use the mental mathematics technique in a primary school they must make sure that they started in basic operation and they should not limit their teachings in mental computation but a combination of written and mental pattern until the students are prepared to accept the idea of a mental math formulation and technique.       Another possible threat that a teacher may face in this technique is the poor performance during the start of the class since children cannot comprehend from such advance tasks. If only students have learned to master the basic only then they can perform such exercises but basically the combination of basic teaching mathematics methodology and mental mathematics are likely found to be effective but since primary grade school students need more attention, thus explicit written examples are required. For example if the student does not know basic multiplication how hard would it be for them to understand mental mathematics?       In most cases mental mathematics should be taught in a higher primary level, they can easily understand such needs to adjust as they advance in their higher year. There are also various recommended techniques if such school or institution would like to use mental mathematics as their learning system. Please note that the following suggestion have been reviewed to be effective; Drill Repetition and Review – this is just a fundamental mathematics memorization and practices that the student can recite in front of the class. This can be their head-start. Number Sequencing Techniques – this should be taught by teachers using mental math. The process requires small numbers by breaking short activities from the start until the students can reach out, gradually teachers can add a higher number if children do learn this basic.       Time control not time limit – students who are solving math problems using mental technique should be given extra time from the start so that they will not be constraint to erroneous restriction and computation analysis, considering their young brittle mind.   Peer Coaching – let the student team up and take a practice by group. Visualization and Mastery – students can associate numbers in their imagination in some cases in their favorite food, candies and toys so let them be. Role Modeling Interpretation – choose one good student to demonstrate mental activity practices through question and answer if they can perform well they can somehow encourage other children to do the same.   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

POSSIBLE IMPLICATION FOR MATHEMATICS TEACHERS USING MENTAL MATH PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES

POSSIBLE IMPLICATION FOR MATHEMATICS TEACHERS USING MENTAL MATH PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES Teachers are masters of their subject ...

Address to Ghana Education Service Seeking their Consent to Establish a Reading Club and Feeding Program

GHANA EDUCATION SERVICES INCLUDES READING CLUB AND FEEDING PROGRAM         The reading level of Ghana student is poor as of 2003 the Criterion Reference Test (CRT) shows that elementary students are unable to master and read fundamental English and other Ghanaian language. During 2003 to 2004 and in response, the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (MOEYS) with Ghana Education Service (GES) they have created an Education Strategy Plan with the recommendation of Dr. Richard Kraft to adapt the Breakthrough to Literacy plan of Molteno Project that has been widespread in most of South African Countries. The program has been possible together with the help of various local and international agencies.          The International Reading Association (IRA) in cooperation of U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and other organization in Ghana including Youth Icons Ghana (YIG), ReadWide Ghana Limited has also established their own reading campaign in this country to bring together the benefits and importance of reading in education that can brought about changes and opportunity to individual and to the country. They also believed that through reading they can bring significant progress enrichment especially among the children who would like to discover new things. Together they have promoted the reading club in Ghana.         During the start they have also find it hard to teach children because of many limitations that they have faced including regional and gender differences, age gap that even older people has been engage in education and they can hardly read. So they insist to the Ghanaian community the promotion of the most stimulating innovations that they have also included the usefulness of Information and Communication Technology, they have also include Culture, Music and Short Story Telling altogether to promote reading to their country and children find it very exciting to engage in this project that they have enjoyed, experienced and learn the basics of reading.       The reading club has also particularly performed various activities including letter writing and randomization for further understanding, word reading and letter isolation for easy familiarization from book and notebook. They are also taught proper pronunciation and grammar, memorization of single and double words and sentence construction exercises. Most importantly children listen attentively to great stories so that they can also learn values education the children have also understand respect and participation in giving their views. These basic exercises have increased creativity of most students and within a few months they have already learned to read and write Basic English construction and sentence completion, some children have learned to read independently they are now more confident in dealing with other subjects. They also do this activities in Sundays and Holidays if possible.                The feeding program has also been included in some parts of Ghana to encourage reading literacy and nourishment within the community although this program has been limited to some areas including Akuapem Hills in the Eastern Region of Ghana that was conducted in Aframae School in the Village of Abiriw. The program includes volunteer students and teachers from other countries the foreigners would visit the schools and with the help of local people, together they teach the children one on one and by group study they would read various books and various topics and after about an hour of study the children are given healthy drinks and snack. Sometimes children are encouraged with the food alone but basically most of them do participate diligently and learn.          This project is still ongoing from various Ghanaian Communities and various local Schools and Government institutions to ensure that the children in Ghana read more and learn. The government has also planned on creating 10 more additional libraries in strategic areas in Ghana, this can also provide and encourage more than students but also individual and out of school youth who also would like to participate and learn in reading. They have also promoted to bring a book project campaign to the community residence about donating a book to schools and anything about what they can share to provide a sustainable reading campaign project in their country.       This campaign will ensure that there will be enough books and reading materials for every participant in the reading club. The government and schools believed that they will meet their objectives in the next few years that will cultivate the habit of reading to their students and to the society and it will also encourage more than education but also economic development and job creation affiliation that can alleviate poverty they have long experienced. In order to provide sustainability and continuity of the reading club they have used all of its resources and materials and the reading club will be implemented simultaneously little by little until it can reach in every district of Ghana.               Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Address to Ghana Education Service Seeking their Consent to Establish a Reading Club and Feeding Program

GHANA EDUCATION SERVICES INCLUDES READING CLUB AND FEEDING PROGRAM The reading level of Ghana student is poor as of 2003 the C...

THE IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN COLLEGE EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN COLLEGE EDUCATION         Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the future of our generation and Education is its main focus, ICT has helped many industries, government, organizations. Universities should promote their ICT curriculum in a more high- technologically advanced system using computer and multi-media lessons that students can easily understand their lessons using interactive approach in learning. Students highly enjoy audio visual teaching methods which are probably more effective than chalk and blackboard or book and notebook learning although it does not intend to replace such method.       ICT and Computer based education is also enjoyed by teachers and trainers since it eliminate so much manual workload. They don’t need to check exams manually or pass on papers one by one during examinations but they use the computer for a centralized learning approach, sometimes all they have to do is search in the internet references and lessons is already there for them to fill up and use. They can also develop their own program for a more comprehensive approach in learning; they can make their own template or buy software that fits their needs. The database system also makes their grading computation and data management very easy, so it saves so much time.       Most Importantly ICT opens up a whole new world of opportunity not just in learning methodology but personal progress. Students can handle and design their own program and they are now not limited to the books, they can take a research over the internet and view the most important lessons that they can get or they can simply use the media, audio, video and photos for a more intelligent selection in learning. They can also learn and contribute their knowledge to people all over the world or seek help from people through interaction using the Social Networking Sites including YouTube, FaceBook, Twitter, MySpace and any other SNS. This way the opportunity is not limited to the community but they can interact simultaneously if they like.       College students have also found the importance of ICT in creating their own online and offline businesses using their knowledge. Anyone who has the knowledge in ICT can already engage in many business activities including home-based job opportunity, business process outsourcing and part time job for college students. They can enhance their spirit of entrepreneurship through online business participation during weekend or they can even work at night. There are various websites who also offer various job opportunities especially designed for college students like affiliate programs, online selling, e-book writing, outsourcing, blogging, webpage designing, drawing job and any other opportunities that is suited for college students.       College students just need to seek and they will find if they are really willing and unafraid to find new things. But if ICT is not taught in their college curriculum they may find it hard to participate in such opportunities. ICT is therefore a gift of technology that can offer so many opportunities for college students, teachers and individual and they should grab this opportunity to learn everything they can.  http://collegehelpers.com/  http://www.topayforcollege.com/  these websites and many others we can be sought if they want. They can also serve in schools, government agency, churches and other organizations by extending their ICT knowledge to help people and the community.       Probably another most important aspect of ICT is to prepare the students in their future after they graduate. They can also help the economy if they themselves have learned to master the broad spectrum of ICT they can be the one to establish their own business and provide employment to people if they have learned to master their ICT Education they can do Audio, Video and Image editing which is a highly viable business nowadays. Courses such as Computer Engineering, Computer Programming, and PC Technician etc. are highly required in most countries and such educations can land them to a good job opportunity from various companies and government agencies.       ICT students who learn to master various languages using computers creates even greater opportunities abroad, although they don’t need to go out from their countries because there are Business Process Outsourcing Companies who are looking for local people to join their company by exhibiting their talents in communication by serving other countries using Information and Communication Technology Experts. This process prepares them in globalized revolution even if they live in their community. ICT education prepares students to help to contribute in strengthening the economy of their government. ICT students can be the catalyst of change and progress so they must embrace such knowledge and opportunities that comes their way. ICT Education is a lifelong investment that they can use.                 .                 Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

THE IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN COLLEGE EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN COLLEGE EDUCATION Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the future of our generation and E...

METHODS FOR DISCIPLINING CHILDREN 7 TO 12 YEARS OLD

METHODS FOR DISCIPLINING CHILDREN 7 TO 12 YEARS OLD         The disciplinary actions for children ages 7 years old until 12 is basically the second most crucial stage in a child’s life they have already past of the formative years of 1 to 6 years of age and basically they have already established a conditions of what discipline is all about. Children at this age may already known and past on the stages of corporal punishment including spanking and others. This can be an effective tool for disciplining a child but often it should be the last option and it should only be done for the sake of disciplining a child not as a form of torture. “Spare the rod and spoiled the child” is correct but it should not injure their physical body and their inner self.  “It should not go as far as violence since it is different from discipline.       There are many ways to discipline a child and it should begin as early as possible not only during the time they misbehave, for children can use it as an option to get the parents attention. Children at the tender age of 7 to 12 is most prone to danger of curiosity, peer pressure, experimentation and misdemeanor and other problems that is natural within their age. At this age they really need guidance and path ways to lead them the right way, the worst thing that may happen to a child is when they perceive to dedicate their mind in idolizing things that they can see in their surroundings, peers, television, cartoons and computer games that they may think it is right.       Still, the best methods for disciplining a child is in the bible as written in (Proverbs 22:10) to “train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old he will not depart from it” teaching the child in biblical principles and in the context of the bible is the best practice that their parents can give, but the best practice is still the manifestation of the parent’s teaching through their lives if the parents can walk their talk that they taught to their children they will believe them. Sometimes the teaching of their parents that is not manifested in their life is simply not convincing or even believed to be a falsehood in the mind of a child. It is the parents or guardian who has the best authority to teach them.       Generally here are some of the most highly used disciplinary methods of discipline techniques that have been found to be effective and can be use universally; ·         State a firm boundaries, rules and regulations that the child needs to follow, example: Watching television is alright but it should be only limited to a certain time, homework should be done before playing, clean up their belongings before leaving. And many other simple but firm authorized rules that they can understand that becomes their habit. ·         Speak calmly about instruction but precise and with authorities. Children should follow the words given with respect since children also needs respect like we do. A harsh word may challenge a child, and they may react aggressively but a calm word softens them. Create a good communication methods so that is can deliver them to openness rather than hostility and argument. Children must learn how to speak their problems to their parents rather than keep it with themselves that they will seek the attention of others and transfer their feelings slowly to anger with their family.  ·         Remember to give them rewards for their good action but do not compromise. Example: James, I will only buy you a bike if you get good grade next semester, said his father. But it should not be the case if he does not get good grade he will be sorry for himself not doing what they want. A child may also think that he is only good if he does what pleases them. The real love of a parent should be unconditional; if they have done their best, parents can give those rewards without conditions or promises.    ·         Teach them the benefits and the consequences of their own action. What will happen if you done this or that? This will help them to make good decision making until they grow up and they will also teach them responsibility. Example: we are going to give you your allowance for the whole week since we are out of town, but if the child has used all his money for only 3 days there will be none left until he learns to budget and be wise in his decisions. ·         Teach them responsibility by giving them assigned task during Sunday or simple household chores function such as washing the dishes, helping the laundry, cleaning backyard etc. If possible engage them in your own business such things that they can do like cleaning or simple selling and serving. This will teach them to become industrious and enterprising individual.         ·         Lastly, take time to be with your children it is the best gift the parents can give to their children and enjoy the fondness of the memories together, a long lasting experiences and enjoyment that you can give. Take time to play baseball or watch TV together or play on the backyard. Giving time to spend with your children makes them feel that they are loved, it will give them a sense of pride and worthiness and they will love you back in return, this will be their foundation in their life until they grow old. Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

METHODS FOR DISCIPLINING CHILDREN 7 TO 12 YEARS OLD

METHODS FOR DISCIPLINING CHILDREN 7 TO 12 YEARS OLD The disciplinary actions for children ages 7 years old until 12 is basically...

The Experience of First Year Undergraduate Students at University

LESSONS FROM UNDERGRADUATE TEEN-AGER         Jay is an 18 year old freshmen undergraduate who dropped out in class in the mid of September on the recent school year of 2011 he took a computer science course in the Small University of  System Technology Institute (STI) Cainta, Rizal. Jay enrolled in this course because of his father’s recommendation and support, while Ali enrolled in this course because he wanted to learn about the world of computer which is something challenging in his innocent mind. He never handled a computer before since he go out on the market to sell various merchandise from fish ball to fried chicken and other street food that people like to buy he often do this during Sundays and days that they do not come to school. He was a self supporting.       During those times Jay would come to school late and without ID, wearing improper uniform he is usually not allowed and tolerated by most of their professors who told him to reform his manner while inside the school, smoking is prohibited but he is often caught by his classmates, sometimes Ali would not allow him but he refuse, they were both come from an ordinary family but Jay has been very irresponsible in most of their activities while Ali would take pride in his study and sometimes he would visit their classmate just to perform their assignment. He do some practice on computer shops occasionally, during their last few months in school he would perform well while Jay would not give his cards on their parents but he said it is quite alright.       Unfortunately something happen Jay was caught by his neighbor simply going on the mall and playing computer games and social networking like Facebook and twitter while in uniform with the rest of his classmates. He was reported to his parents but Jays parents refuses to believe their neighbors and Jay was proud, until such time when they visit the school they found out that Jay have already dropped schooling as early in August while they taught he was studying and wearing uniform almost every-day but we wasn’t there. During that same day when he went home his father asked him but he could not answer his father provoked to anger that he was beaten and knock on his face. On that entire night, he could not sleep his body was bruised and his mouth was full of blood. He was not allowed to go out; Jay simply stayed home and does the house chores. At this time his parent decided to take away their support even for the next semester he would remain home for the rest of his life until he learn to self support his schooling.       Meanwhile, Ali has been consistent in his study and he was accepted to work in a computer shop at noon time till the store closes. He no longer sells street food and there are times that his classmate would ask him for a tutorial, of course with a little fee. During the 30th of the month he would visit his savings to budget his money, he believed that he is going to make it on the top of the class and if possible he would apply for a scholarship in order to save more money. If by chance he would be accepted the money that he has earned will be deposit in the bank for future use. Ali continuous to be among the favorite of the class because of his effort to excel especially in the subject of programming and his fast typing ability, according to him it would take quite practice before you can gain speed.        Jay would sometimes envy Ali because of his performance he was no longer supported by his parents to go to school but Ali would sometimes come to his house to sell anything, he even insist of Jay to do the same thing, that he can earn something and basically use it for the next semester but Jay refuses he was afraid that some of their classmates would scold him and tease him about what he does, and so he decided to simply stay home doing household chores and play basketball game with his peers in the afternoon.       It is easy to understand that Ali is on his way to success because of his courage and determination to really go out and meet all obstacles that would come along, but Jay will have a hard time, he would probably grow old with his character, if he could only understand that opportunity that his parents has given him he would not waste it. Ali will experience more challenges and hardship in school as he takes a leap but his innermost desire is more powerful and his courage cannot de undermine he is worthy and he will not allow his condition to delay his dream, he is willing to face such challenges and I personally believe that he will succeed. Hopefully Jay would soon realize his worth to be like Ali.                    Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

The Experience of First Year Undergraduate Students at University

LESSONS FROM UNDERGRADUATE TEEN-AGER Jay is an 18 year old freshmen undergraduate who dropped out in class in the mid of September...

Monitoring and Evaluation as a Tool for Improving Quality Standards for Primary and Secondary Schools

MONITORING AND EVALUATION AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS         Most schools are required proper monitoring and evaluation of students to be presented to the department of education in their countries this is required to make sure that the students can be identified who excel and who failed. The continuous monitoring and evaluation of primary and secondary students is needed to make adjustment for the quality of teaching methods and strategy and to pinpoint the individual students who required more attention. Teachers should make the proper assessment of the current performance of their students individually and not collectively.       If teachers can identify the weakness of such students then they can make the preliminary assessment of what to do with the condition of the student so that they can establish the ratings or grades, teachers must submit their written evaluation with a clear understanding that the evaluation is submitted without error and consideration of nepotism or favoritism but the actual basis of the child’s record and performance in school. This record is very important it can serve as a basis for students daily or weekly measures, through which the academic records of students is to be measured.       The measurements of grade are different from primary and secondary but usually the basis of their measurement includes the following; Tardiness or attendance, quizzes, character, extra-curricular activities, projects, assignment and examinations including preliminary, midterm or final examination. Children especially in the secondary level are aware about their grades and they can usually predict such evaluation, if the students does not accept such grades the importance of monitoring and evaluation that is recorded in the class card or in the central offices of the school can be shown so as to prove to such students and parents that they are evaluated fairly.       There are also mastery recording and monitoring and evaluation especially in primary level students this includes the breakdown of subjects given to each and individual students. The students performance is evaluated and graded according to subjects in Math, Science, English, Social study and other subjects. The evaluation and monitoring of the mastery of such students can easily be graded according to the recorded collections of their subjects. Students are exposed to these activities every time, workbooks, textbooks, recitation etc. Students can easily be evaluated by teachers if they are included in the passing or failing grade.       Teachers can easily deliver such skills methodology if the students have been performing or not since they can be easily learned, control, and monitor and evaluated. These practices are easy but it required a comprehensive recording since it involved critically individual evaluation. They can also present their evaluation through graphical interface that can be easily seen, in the area that shows weaknesses in students the evaluation and monitoring of students from primary and secondary grade to easily deliver may require the following; 1.    A designed sample or program recorded in a computer using simple desktop publishing software like word and excel and a hard copy reports so that data can be easily entered and re configured. This record shows all the current and previous activities of students for both primary and secondary.   2.    Each grading period the teachers can identify who among the class should perform well and those who need assistance so that they can focus on those students. They may also seek the cooperation of the family of the child.   3.    They must present a set of evaluation request or suggestions of what they can do as an alternative plan of action. Usually it will be the school that is going to provide such task but since it is the teacher who is in the classroom with children they will be the one to execute and give evaluation.    4.    Feedback from parents, although not compulsory, the teacher should ask a feedback from the parents who knew the real behavior of the child and through this, they can make simple adjustment methods in teaching collectively. 5.    Basically the evaluation written in the class-card is the summary of their final performance in school and it will be also shown in their computer records. Teachers are required to make comments on their class cards so that both students are parents may be guided accordingly of what they need to change.       There are many other forms of evaluation and monitoring system to improve the quality of standard practices in academics for primary and secondary students. This record is very important so they can develop a system that is daunting for many schools if they have not presented such records of monitoring. Study shows that when schools are using the monitoring and evaluation system performance their students are learning more and improved more, the teachers improves in decision making and the school are more aware about their performance in the community. (www.studentprogress.org) Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Monitoring and Evaluation as a Tool for Improving Quality Standards for Primary and Secondary Schools

MONITORING AND EVALUATION AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Most schools are required ...

Argumentative Essay on Studying in Class versus Online Class

Studying in Class versus Online Class   Nowadays, there are various ways to access higher learning.  There are many schools worldwide that offer both traditional and online educational programs for their students.  In traditional program, is through attending classes and accessing educational resources inside the school or university.  On the other hand, online program is attending classes through an online educational program, which majority of the school work and communications are provided and completed through the internet.  There are some schools that combined the online and campus classes.  Now, how can a student decide what learning option is right for him or for her?  Well, if you are an adult and already working, and have the desire to finish your degree in college in order to increase your employment potential, as well as to increase your salary or have a chance to be promoted to higher position; you can certainly benefit from a professional certificate program.    Or, else, you can just take a few crash courses for your own personal fulfillment and advancement. Therefore, distance learning or online class is best for you.  This kind of educational setting is growing in popularity at present time among working students and professionals as well.    The Distance learning has become possible in the educational system by the help of web-based settings, applications and capabilities and intervention of the modern information technology all throughout the globe.  As a matter of fact, there are well known universities in the world such as Notre Dame, George Washington University and Vanderbilt University, among many others across the world; offer students the same academic resources and access to faculty and traditional students on campus.  But, the question is the learning experiences the same with what you acquire in the campus?  (http://www.accrediteddldegrees.com/comparing-distance-learning-vs-traditional-learning/) Nevertheless, an online education has many benefits for those who are already working; for it provides you flexibility, convenience and accessibility.  It really depends on the course program you may choose.   In online class, a student has the flexible time to complete his or her projects, assignments,  as well as to participate in the online discussions and lectures on his own pace.  The Distance Learning is most recommended for students who have disabilities or mobility problems.  It is really a great benefit for them to acquire education in a comfort of their home.  Aside from those factors,   distance learning helps the students to save money from an everyday long commute   routine.  At the same time, they still have the option to still attend to traditional classes if they want to; together with other regular students in the campus.  Still, distance learners can learn the same degree of knowledge as what the traditional students learn from the school setting.  And, the most amazing part of all is the students can graduate without even mentioning that their degree is earned through distance learning.  (http://educationportal.com/articles/The_Differences_Between_Online_and_Traditional_Classroom_Educations.html) In the contrary, traditional students in the campus can easily gain learning materials and feedbacks from their professors in class.  In the same way, the professors are more accessible through dropping by their office, club meeting, or off-campus location after classes with the students.   More than that, the students have all the time to enjoy all the benefits of their school activities, which can not be found in distance learning. This is the main reason that distance learners are highly encouraged to have consistent collaboration with one another.  They should have find time to coordinate with one another thru their online group, email, or by other social networking sites.  It is also suggested that the online students should get feedbacks from the students from the classroom settings, after any campus community occasions. Correspondingly, traditional students can receive more academic attention than the online students.  They have an easy access to any curricular activities and interactions such as athletic programs, various school clubs and community service. While, distance learning students may have their own social life through extracurricular activities in the online setting; still colleges and universities are expecting distance learning students to be self-driven, smart and determined to finish their degree on line.  They should have a time management and regular monitoring of their online classes and all school-related activities they have   in the internet.  Equally important, distance learning students should find ways to communicate or coordinate regularly with their professors through phones, emails, chatting, in order to keep track your everyday lesson, just in case,  there are times that will not be able to attend your online classes.  There are lots of universities that give allowances to non-traditional students, foremost to adult working students.  It largely depends on the nature of the student on what program he or she can benefit from. For instance, if the student is more accustomed with traditional learning inside the class room has the greater benefits from face to face learning.  On the other hand, a student who works independently with minimal supervision from the professors and co-students can perform better through distance learning program. (http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/study-finds-that-online-education-beats-the-classroom/)   References: (http://www.accrediteddldegrees.com/comparing-distance-learning-vs-traditional-learning/)  (http://education-portal.com/articles/The_Differences_Between_Online_and_Traditional_Classroom_Educations.html) (http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/study-finds-that-online-education-beats-the-classroom/)   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Argumentative Essay on Studying in Class versus Online Class

Studying in Class versus Online Class Nowadays, there are various ways to access higher learning. There are many schools worldwide ...

The Role of Practicum as a Subject in College

THE ROLE OF PRACTICUM AS A SUBJECT IN COLLEGE         Practicum is a practical training application of the course in the actual work settings in the specialized study that a college student may need to be included in their curriculum to learn and understand the actual study of their course. They are going to represent themselves as the trainee in a certain organization or company so that they can learn various approaches in their studies in an in depth practices, this is mostly required by most Universities to further train and exercise the students in a non typical conditions and settings about practicing their course.       Actual participation, cooperation and performance of such students is highly required this can be the basis of their ratings after the training. Students can gain actual experience and techniques from the practicum and from the company they are involved in. Depending of the given task or as required by their courses, students may be offered by the company a limited on the job specification or a wider variation of tasks in a given period of time. There are some companies who give allowance for their performance and for those students who have made an exceptional contribution during their training may be hired or absorbed as an employee by the company after they graduate.       Practicum is called work placement in UK while medical students call it internship but it is the same with practicum in actual performance, they may only be differ in their courses, students are offered part time to continue their studies. Practicum is important for students; they are being offered hands on opportunity to grow. They may gain various experiences that are not taught in school and most importantly their manner will be developed in various areas and this is its focal point, to learn as much as they can in an actual situation so that they can handle situations that they may never encounter in their class study. Depending on the chosen company that the students have chosen they are presented with task like clerical, operational and medical practices.       Personal growth and development is another basic factor that is included in practicum. There are various factors that are needed by students to perform before they are given evaluation. Usually they are given evaluation by their immediate supervisor or the manager of the company. Students are evaluated in their discipline of how they talk or respond and their manner and consistency to deal with co-employees or customers of the company, in a medical course it is how they deal with their patients.       Students are also evaluated in their output for example in an accounting firm if they are task by their supervisors to input the whole data in their computer system for their five days task and they have finished the job in only four working days the output has been finished in a clear manner without errors they will be given a good evaluation performance they may also be included in their future selection. Students who does most of violation including absenteeism, demeanor, insubordination and other distracting behavior will have a critical evaluation and they maybe a disgrace to their University.       Higher learning and socialization is another focus in the practicum it is actually included in the curriculum to value the real learning opportunity that they can gain from the practicum. Students should be exposed in various institutions to learn to handle problems and create real solutions that they have learned in school and be able to apply it in a practical manner. Students who are exposed in a practicum that handles customer services like department stores or grocery like courses in marketing and advertising will further increase in their socialization and communications skills. They may also be exposed in handling tough customers and their negotiation skills will also be exhibited during the training. Engineers and architects are fortunate if they can handle the actual project production and development or construction which is hardly learned but only theoretically in school but they can see the actual differences how it’s done, same goes for medical intern who learns to handle the patients conditions while taking good care of them.       Almost all students on whatever courses will need to learn to handle pressure in an actual working environment to gain responsibility and knowledge and this is equally important in handling challenges that will prepare them in their future and actual work if they decided to be employed on the job. The number of hours spend in practicum may not be enough for students to really learn the actual work training but the experience they have gained should be enough to prepare them. Is it actually the quality and not the quantity of training that is important and basically through this, the experience they can gain in their practicum can be life changing and worthwhile.      Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

The Role of Practicum as a Subject in College

THE ROLE OF PRACTICUM AS A SUBJECT IN COLLEGE Practicum is a practical training application of the course in the actual work set...

The Effect of Cooperative Learning

THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING         Cooperative Learning or Group Learning is an approach of active participation of teamwork and cooperation through academic and social learning this, technique can be used in school or organization. Student will create a group or the teacher will assign a group and they will involve themselves in such areas or topics. They may form a leader who will facilitate the assigned task or their teacher will be the one to monitor and facilitate, the cooperation of the group is highly required. The group achievement will be the achievement of everyone and when they fail everyone will also fail. A good example would be a group experiment in the science class or a stage play in English or a team building by salespeople.       The effect of Cooperative Learning is fun and challenging in work and in school students are willing to develop camaraderie in the process regardless of the topic they can be actively participative and more willing to collaborate socially especially if they found that they have the best team or partners. Their desire is to achieve more and their confidence level will be developed they will regain their strength in the group and they will soon establish a strong bond as they worked together as a team. However there will be a time when they may not be able to meet with their differences and the struggle may sets in but this is typical and will soon get over it or they may need to re establish themselves to may it work.       The effect of Cooperative Learning is group and personal development if they have established a group teamwork they will reach out to themselves so that that the group will be strengthened, they will learn to support each other more than classmates but friendship will also be developed. If they have established themselves they will aim high, they will discover new things and the assigned task will be lighter and their burden will be easier. They will be innovative to re-invent new ideas so that the task given to the group will be presented with pride more than privilege and the will likely succeed in most of the task given if they share their common knowledge to the group.       To reinforce the group through active participation the teacher should give them an activity that required group circle this can be done even in the classroom for example a puzzle game. Group the student into sets of three to five and the game starts who ever finished first will win the game, but there will be another puzzle to give chance to the losing group so that they can have the opportunity to catch up if they tied then if should be more fun. After the game allow the groups to shake hands. The children or participants will enjoy the game and they will ask for more the next time. Explain the children why you are doing the activity and they will appreciate it more.       Teacher can also create a relevant group designs for example a research in social study about the life of the people in the poverty stricken community, this is for high school or college students. They will group together and formulate a conclusion about the life of the people and how they survive, they will appreciate the reality of life in relation to their study and as usual they will enjoy the group study. Sometimes they may even be thankful about their present conditions to study hard. They will appreciate more about being a student and they will desire to learn more at their age they will even established a plan or a goal about their future because of what they have experienced.       The last but not the least the effect of Cooperative Learning is about responsibility and creativity of individual and as a group, if they realized the value of their work they will stand to meet it. The group will learn to devote their time to practice to make their presentation much perfect in the eyes of the class. They will learn endurance to meet their deadline they will even extend their effort outside class, the students will sometimes need to prepare themselves in a meeting outside class to talk about the strategy to divide the group task. They will even learn to engage critically in proper actions that they need to undertake. Example if they are assigned to a stage play and the group is required to prepare a presentation they will learn to direct, and organize among themselves to meet the responsibility given to them in school.                                    Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

The Effect of Cooperative Learning

THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING Cooperative Learning or Group Learning is an approach of active participation of teamwork and ...

The Effects of Stem Length and Directions on Sentence Completion Test Responses

THE EFFECTS OF STEM LENGTH AND DIRECTIONS ON SENTENCE COMPLETION RESPONSE         Sentence Completion response is one of the most versatile and highly popular test of all, used by clinical professionals, education, research and the industry. The objective of this test is for the respondent to stimuli the hidden emotion or feelings of the person taking the test this is very much different from multiple choice or fill in the blank which is usually used for academics and not for personality analysis. The data gathered from the test is reviewed and analyze specifically for the benefit of the person for proper psychological evaluation.       The structure of such test differs from short and long variation. The short one is usually used for advertising or interview that the short structured test leads to a variety of response. While the long structured are used for clinical, educational or management function which usually goes up to a hundred sets of practical question that the respondent may need to fill up, the stem leads to a more specific response because it gives direction to the respondents. The question like;  “The future looks ______”  “My favorite pet is ______” “The most unforgettable experience I ever had is _______” these questions lead you to fill up a more specific and more visual impact of the respondent’s confidentiality that they can think of and this has been its main objectives.        The effect of directional questions is focused and the evaluation and analysis cannot be questioned that it is hard to interpret since the answer is direct and emphasized. Unlike multiple choice and fill in the blank which requires a specific answer. The stem length and directions on sentence completion requires personal answer therefore cannot be specific or limited but individualized making it easy to identify and analyze by psychiatrist or personnel because if reflects the reality of the person who are taking the test in its natural form.       The effects of Stem length and directions on sentence completion response is highly critical in personality analysis for this will show the psychological standing of a person if they are adequate in such manner for example in an industry they would like to apply they will be measured according to attitude of work and handling circumstance using the evaluation taken from the test. Usually the personnel of the company may give a sentence completion test that is easy and senseless on the part of the applicant but in the personnel or clinical perception it is important since it involve the psychological, written, analytical, situational and verbal and non verbal personality of the applicant.       The importance of the stem length in school is the evaluation of their student assessment and perception about basic ideas and things around them, maybe the school would like to measure their perception of the student or new students applying in their school and this test can highly be used for testing them. Children may feel that it is not a part of academic but a part of their assessment and evaluation as a student and they may not be aware of the question since in their mind it may just be a form of play, while some will find it hard to fill up such questions.       The following sentence completion test is widely used all over the world depending on their uses. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank is used for personality assessment for general purpose, Washington University Completion test is another sentence completion test measures the self esteem of the person and can be used in clinical psychology or in schools and Miner Sentence Completion Test is used to test the skills and organizational skills or a person and basically used in the business industry.       In order to provide a more specific and a more reliable variation and diversity of sentence completion response the effect of instruction, scoring system, interpretation based on structure, stem length and directions has been investigated to mix its diversity in real feelings versus speed and time testing versus clinical and psychological this is done primarily by Cromwell and Lundy in 1954 but the result is the same, the hypothesis generated that the major deficit in literature is the scarcity of system investigation of the effect of varying structure, this means that the discrimination and variation of test in structured may only be different in approach but it may be the same when analyze and interpreted.       Because of the popularity, superiority, and usefulness in exact measurement of the sentence completion test it has been widely approved by most institutions and find it one of the most effective system test in personality evaluation.                      Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

The Effects of Stem Length and Directions on Sentence Completion Test Responses

THE EFFECTS OF STEM LENGTH AND DIRECTIONS ON SENTENCE COMPLETION RESPONSE Sentence Completion response is one of the most versat...

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