Research Articles Base: Anorexia Essays

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL COMPONENTS OF ANOREXIA

Anorexia is a psychotic diagnosis that consists of eating disorder exemplified by low body weight and body shaped distortion, because of too much fear of gaining weight.             This is commonly known to be the result of excessive eating control by the use of voluntary starvation, purging, vomiting, too much exercise, and orally taken diet pills and diuretic drugs.             One of the psychological components of Anorexia is too much obsession to perfect a distorted body image.  Anorexic people tend to refuse to accept that gaining weight is normal to most people. Moreover, people with anorexia tend to evaluate themselves too much.                         In the year 2006, a Brazilian model died because of infection caused by Anorexia.             Behavioral components of anorexia include excessive exercise, and restriction of themselves to food. Worst behavioral component may extend up to substance abuse, harming ones self and suicidal attempts.             Studies show that 50% of eating disorders are taken genetically. The experiments show that eating disorders, personality and emotion have a strong correlation to one another.             This study is interested in understanding the psychological and behavioral components of anorexia. This study would like to know more about the impact of anorexia to psychological and behavioral aspect of a person.             This study will use book and printed articles to support the findings. This study may also conduct experiments and interviews on people who are diagnosed to have anorexia.             This study will be beneficial to people with eating disorder and to medical practitioners in general.             Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL COMPONENTS OF ANOREXIA

Anorexia is a psychotic diagnosis that consists of eating disorder exemplified by low body weight and body shaped disto...

Eating Disorder: What kind of disease it is? Why do people develop eating disorder? Is that psychological problem?

Anorexia Nervosa             There are different kinds of eating disorders; some of the examples of eating disorders are Bulimia Nervosa, Rumination Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Binge eating, and Xylophagia. A number of experts have pointed out that eating disorders disturb the psychological, physical and mental health of an individual; it can be either excessive or restrictive.  Two of the most popular eating disorder is Anorexia and Bulimia. This paper focuses on Anorexia Nervosa and discusses what kind of disorder, and why do people especially young girls develop this particular disorder. An interview on a 20 year old girl from Hong Kong suffering from Anorexia was conducted and this paper explores the reasons why the girl developed the disorder.               In the runways of New York, Paris and London Fashion Week, models that are almost in the size 0 are walking dressed in designer clothes and gowns. The trend of being thin is evident on teen Hollywood stars; photographs of the young stars have shown a number of them shrinking. The concept of beauty, not just in the United States but around the world is “thin is beautiful.” The society is obsessed with getting thin and the media is to blame for, advertisement, television shows, movies all sorts of media campaigns have stick thin models. However, is insecurity regarding weight the only reason why more and more individuals and not just females, including males are having Anorexia Nervosa? What exactly is this disorder and how dangerous it is? And how does Anorexia Nervosa develop in an individual?             An interview on a 20 year old girl from Hong Kong was conducted. She requested not to reveal her name in this particular study. On the interview she said that, the disorder was developed during her last year in senior high school. And during that time her weight totally shrinks at the same time, her grades became very low, added to the fact that her mother was so strict with her studies and grades. She also said that she is a consistent honor student and one of the top students in her class ever since primary school that is the reason why her mother is very strict so that she would be able to maintain her grades and enter into a top university in Hong Kong. She certainly has no problems with her mother being strict with regards to her school performance. But it was definitely one of the reasons why she developed Anorexia Nervosa. She told the interviewer that weight was not an issue for her since she is already thin and her eating habits are also normal, dismissing the factor of insecurity with regards to her weight, however when she have problems especially in school, she does not eat enough or not eat at all and she would rather sleep.             Her anorexia began on when she was 18 years old and was already on the last year of high school, prior to that particular school year she was consistently on top of her class, especially during examinations wherein she only obtains 3 mistakes as a maximum, her mother was satisfied on her performance and was expecting the same performance especially on her last year. However, during the last school year, her grades started to become low and she no longer tops the class. At first she thought that it was just normal but when she received low grades in almost all of her subjects she started to feel depressed, plus the fact that her mother was always scolding her and restricting her to do a lot of things such as watching a movie and surfing the internet. And that is how her Anorexia Nervosa started, and progressed from eating the regular meals everyday to not eating at all in the whole day. Her anorexia lasted for a whole year but was already cured when she seek help from a specialist.             The perception of a lot of people on individuals suffering from Anorexia Nervosa is that these individuals are insecure with their weight and they want to be thin like a supermodel, but on the case of the interviewed girl, weight was not an issue on her part. Different factors trigger an individual to have Anorexia Nervosa, some because of weight issues and others pointed genetics.             Anorexia Nervosa according to  (1996) is a “biologically based self-starvation syndrome that is triggered by diet and exercise.” In most cases too much exercise and dieting is the cause why people are acquiring this disorder, the obsession of losing weight and achieving the desired weight can lead to this disorder. Moreover, (2000) stated that anorexia is a complicated disorder because it involves the psychological, neurobiological and sociological factors.             In order to determine if the individual has anorexia nervosa, the American Psychiatric Association has the criteria of the following: (2006) <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimal normal weight for age and height.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Fear of obtaining weight or becoming fat although underweight.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Denying the seriousness of the low body weight.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> The absence of three consecutive menstrual cycles for postmenarcheal females. </li> </ul> The cause of Anorexia Nervosa still puzzles researchers, but nowadays some of the underlying reasons have already been determined. (1986) discusses some of the theories why Anorexia develops. One of the theories is that a number of females feel a huge pressure to be thin and achieve the ideal weight that is usually portrayed on the pages of magazine and televisions. Moreover, Dr.  has suggested that some biological factors which are associated with clinical depression may also partake in the development of Anorexia. Another biological factor is the malfunction of the hypothalamus. Another theory is that the inability of an individual to cope with a situation in life such puberty, death of a loved one, ridicule over weight and separation from family may initiate Anorexia.             Aside from the theories mentioned by Farley, there are still factors that could contribute to Anorexia Nervosa. According to  (2000), genetics play a big factor in developing anorexia and it contributes to almost 50% of the probability for the progress of the disorder.             In the study of (2005), the researchers have pointed out that there is a great association between the neurotransmitter serotonin and the different psychological symptoms like vomiting, appetite and mood and is suggested that anorexia is related to the damaged serotonin system.             The researchers (2005) found out that Anorectics have particular personality traits that are thought to influence the development of anorexia this includes high levels of obsession with regards to weight and food, high levels of restraint and high levels of perfectionism.               The social and cultural factors can also contribute to the development of Anorexia Nervosa. In the study of Lindberg and Hjem (2003) gender, ethnicity and economic status have great impacts on the probability of having anorexia nervosa, and individuals with non-European parents are least likely to have anorexia and wealthy, white families having greater chances.             Treatment of anorexia nervosa must start from the person who has the disorder; anorectics must first admit that they have a disorder and then followed by seeking treatment to a specialist or a facility. A number of studies have suggested ways in treating anorexia nervosa.  (2006), suggested that undergoing psychotherapy is a very efficient form of treatment that usually leads to gaining back the weight and improving the psychological and social function.             According to  hospitalization is only required for patients having life threatening complications. And if the patient’s life is not in danger, hospitalization is no longer required. In addition, having a support group can also help in coping up with Anorexia Nervosa.             A number of studies pointed out that Anorexia can be neurobiological, psychological or sociological. Different theories have pointed out that different mechanisms trigger the development of Anorexia in an individual. Anorexia is a serious disorder that needs to be address immediately to avoid complications in health and even early death especially for young women and men.   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Eating Disorder: What kind of disease it is? Why do people develop eating disorder? Is that psychological problem?

Anorexia Nervosa There are different kinds of eating disorders; some of the examples of eating disorders are Bulimia Nervosa...

Eating Disorder: What kind of disease it is? Why do people develop eating disorder? Is that psychological problem?

Eating Disorder: What kind of disease it is? Why do people develop eating disorder? Is that psychological problem?

Anorexia Nervosa There are different kinds of eating disorders; some of the examples of eating disorders are Bulimia Nervosa...

Extent of eating disorders

PROLOGUE             Eating Disorders are silent killers that crawling beneath the society. Most common victims are the young girls usually in puberty stage, the age where they are striving to be like somebody and idolize fashion models or celebrities and want to be like them, very thin. Oftentimes, the teenage girls felt ugly and shame about their figure, and thinking that they are fat even though they are not. Society is causing a negative impact on teenagers; they are acquiring the wrong values from the media and take celebrities as their role model of success. Parents have to make their child aware of this problem and its consequences.1             The young girls are aiming for a body in a wrong way. They are trapped in the “ideal feminine” and most of them are not aware of the danger that it will bring in their health. The search for a place where they feel like they are accepted will only leads to a depression that not all the girls able to escape. The teenagers that are involved in this addiction or bad habits also loose their capacity to think well.   Most of the girls dreamed of having the “Barbie Figure” that is clearly unreachable to whatever extent of studies. The phobia in food is unexplainable. Foods are basic necessity to keep the body alive and full of energy to perform every task of the day. Most of the countries, especially in the Western part are having a hard time to destroy the bad ritual. But the battle of the society is not yet through now that men are also addicted on neglecting food habits. There are many celebrities who are known involved in this bad habit and they survived. They managed to get out of the figure that slowly committing their death. And by their help, the battle against the silent killer starts. EATING DISORDERS             There are various types of eating disorders and the study involves the most common eating disorders:2 Anorexia nervosa: A term meaning “lack of appetite”; an eating disorder marked by a person’s refusal to maintain a healthy body weight through restricting food intake or other means. Binge-eating disorder: An eating disorder that involves repetitive episodes of binge eating (when an individual eats, in a particular period of time, an abnormally large amount of food) in a restricted period of time over several months. Bulimia nervosa: A term that means literally “ox hunger”; an eating disorder characterized by a repeated cycle of bingeing and purging (when a person gets rid of the food that she has eaten by vomiting, taking an excessive amount of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas or engaging in fasting and/or excessive exercise). FACTORS OF EATING DISORDERS             There are many factors that contributes the eating disorder of one person:3 Biological Factors For example, if a person has a relative in her immediate family with an eating disorder, she is at a higher risk to develop an eating disorder. This is because these behaviors can change an individual’s chemical balance, particularly brain chemistry. Starvation and overeating leads to the production of brain chemicals that induce feelings of peace and euphoria (happiness). These good feelings mask feelings of anxiety and depression, both of which are commonly experienced by people suffering from eating disorders. Psychological Factors People suffering from eating disorders share many of the same personality traits. For example, eating-disordered people lean toward being perfectionists. Furthermore, many of them suffer from feelings of low self-esteem, despite their accomplishments and perfectionist ways. Extremist thinking, too, is present in many people with eating disorders. These individuals assume that if being thin is “good” then being even thinner is better. This leads to the thought that being the thinnest is the absolute best; it is this thinking that pushes some anorectics to plummet to body weights of fifty or sixty pounds. Social Factors The media bombard people with the virtues and importance of being thin. It is endlessly implied in television shows, movies, and advertisements that thinness will bring a person success, power, approval, popularity, friends, and romantic relationships. Women, in particular, are held to an almost-impossible-to-achieve standard of physical fitness and beauty, the height of which is being slender and thin. Because of these media messages, and correlating comments from young women about their weight and body shape, a link between eating disorders and social pressures can be established. Family Factors Families contribute to an individual’s emotional growth. If someone is raised in a dysfunctional family, she may have feelings of abandonment and loneliness. Certain families have dynamics in which rigidity, over protectiveness, and emotional distance is commonplace. If parents make all of a child’s decisions for her, when she gets to adolescence and needs to make decisions for herself, she may find the controlling of her food as a freedom that she haven’t experienced when she was young. PERSONAL FACTORS This often begins in late adolescence or early adulthood — transitional periods that are often accompanied by increasing peer pressure, dieting and emotional upheaval. Bulimia is more common in college students than in adolescents:4 Dieting – People who lose weight are often reinforced by positive comments from others and by seeing their own changing appearance. Children who diet are more likely than those who don’t to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia. Puberty – Some adolescents have trouble coping with the changes their bodies go through during puberty. They also may face increased peer pressure and may have a heightened sensitivity to criticism or even casual comments about their weight or body. Transitions – Whether it’s heading off to college, moving, landing a new job or a relationship breakup, change can bring emotional distress. One way to cope, especially in situations that may be out of someone’s control, is to latch on to something that you can control, such as eating. Excessive control over eating can lead to eating disorders. Sports, work and artistic activities – Athletes, actors and television personalities, dancers, and models are at higher risk of eating disorders. Eating disorders are particularly common among ballerinas, gymnasts, runners and wrestlers. Coaches and parents may contribute to eating disorders by suggesting that young athletes lose weight. IMPACT ON SOCIETY Thousands of teenagers die each year due to anorexia and eating disorders and society plays an important role to help solve this growing problem and make adolescents aware of the dangers. To see the anorexia nervosa impact and damage on society, it’s enough to see the death statistics and emotional problems that they have to understand how severe it is. There are groups of people especially online that support anorexia nervosa as a lifestyle and they give tips and advice to them to hide their problem from their family and keep a rigorous diet. The consequence is that adolescents start dieting and exercising with obsession, to the point that they starve themselves and hurt their body.5 CONSEQUENCES             The society, according to certain research, is the main reason why the people practice the vicious addiction. In terms of economy, the potential manpower in the near future of one certain country had a more instance to lose the percentage of their population. The society itself is not an exemption from the eating disorders problem. The politicians, entertainers, doctors, and many other professionals practice eating disorders in a way that they are not aware. The available help is not by simple medication through medicine but the patients who suffer from different eating disorders must seek psychological help. The urge to heal their eating habits must start from the person involved in it. The society that is the main character of the domino blaming must imposed advisory regarding the eating disorders. CONCLUSION             The eating disorders can generally create many consequences in the society. These consequences involves the drastically growth in mortality rate. The most common victims of this silent killer are mostly women in their adolescence stage. The term silent killer is used because many women are engaged to this kind of ritual eating. The society doesn’t know how many women are silently committing the eating disorder and reports usually appear when one is in the brink of death. It is alarming that there are a clans or group that are imposing or rather, encouraging the teenagers to avoid the food intake. And it is sad to know that the society is aware of this but can’t do any to prevent the people for this kind of addiction.             The society had a tremendous difficulty in facing many issues and add to their list is the bad habits of eating. There are different terms used in this context; eating disorders, bad eating, vicious addiction, ritual habit, and so on; still there’s only one word to point it out. DISORDER. From the word itself, no one needs to justify it further. If a person felt the start of having this kind of disorder, whether eating, sleeping or worst mental disorder, then this person must seek for a professional help.             It is not a form of embarrassment to run for help, at least you are aware that you have a problem and you run to a good person that can offer the specific help that you need. There are only few people who survived in this kind of addiction and they extend their hand to help the others who are trapped in the “Barbie Doll Figure”.   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Extent of eating disorders

PROLOGUE Eating Disorders are silent killers that crawling beneath the society. Most common victims are the young girls usua...

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