Research Articles Base: Financial Tsunami Examples

Adverse impacts of the recent financial tsunami taken place in 2008 on the performance of the Bank Industry in Hong Kong

Chapter 3 Methods and Procedure   3.1 Chapter Overview This chapter shall discuss the research methods available for the study and what is applicable for it to use. Likewise, the chapter shall present how the research will be implemented and how to come up with pertinent findings.             Moreover, this methodology part of the research underwent into several stages. In the research design, the researcher collected secondary data i.e. from financial ratios of Hong Kong Banks found in  and formulated and developed the interview. In this stage, these instruments were subjected to approval and validation. During the data collection, the researcher collated and summarized the data obtained from these sources. The researcher then analyzed these data and from these, the researcher came up with findings and recommendations that shall be presented in the next chapters.   3.2 Method of Research Used             This study will be utilising the descriptive type of methodology. In this method, the possibility of making the study cheap and quick becomes apparent. Aside from this, it could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nevertheless, it would be very hard to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. To illustrate the descriptive type of research,  (1994) guided the researcher when he stated: “Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition.”              The purpose of employing this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. To come up with pertinent findings and to provide credible recommendations, this study utilized two sources of research: primary and secondary.  Primary research data were obtained through this new research study. Interviews were conducted. Basically, for this research design, the researcher will gather data, collate published studies from different local and foreign universities and articles from business journals; financial ratios from www.ft.com and make an evaluation of the collected documentary and verbal material.  Afterwards, the researcher will summaries all the information, make a conclusion based on the hypotheses posited and provide insightful recommendations on the dealing with the current status of banking businesses in Hong Kong in response to Financial Tsunami of 2008.   3.3 Data Collection Data shall be collected from multiple sources, allowing for a number of different perspectives to be taken into consideration in the development of the recommendations. The data sources that will be examined include: ·        a review of the appropriate research literature. This include examining recent studies related to Hong Kong Bank industry, Asian financial crisis and current financial tsunami of 2008; <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> responses of the respondents in the interview. The interview shall focus on the nature of the financial standing of the bank. </li> </ul> ·        And profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, and ROCE of five major banks such as Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong), Citibank (Hong Kong), Hang Seng Bank and Bank of China from   3.3.1 Sample and Sampling Technique             The respondents of the study came from the individuals in five major banks such as Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong), Citibank (Hong Kong), Hang Seng Bank and Bank of China. These subjects are comprises of managers of the selected banks.  Due to time constraint and also, for the convenience of the researcher, only ten (10) respondents were considered for the study since the whole population is not available. Two mangers in each bank were selected.  Basically, the use of  formula was imposed in the study to pick up the ten respondents, mainly because the availability of the respondents was considered.             This part of the study is important because the most important data needed to fulfill the objectives of this study will only be supplied by the respondents from the individuals that are involved in these banks.   3.3.2 Respondents of the Study The general population for this study is composed 10 individuals from different Bank business in Hong Kong which understands the current status of their organisations. These individuals were also interviewed. Basically,  (1973), initiated that it is advisable to use the  formula in choosing sample sizes. Thus, the sample size (10) of the population in this paper was determined by  formula. The formula of  (1960) is given as follows: Where:       n = a sample size    N= population size e= desired margin of error (percent allowance for non-precision                            because of the use of the sample instead of the population).    3.4 Data Analysis             When the entire interview responses and information from  have been collected, the researcher used statistics to analyse all the ratios; and was assisted by the SPSS in coming up with the statistical analysis for this study. For the interview, an evaluation was drawn in order to identify factors pertaining to the financial status of the banks with regards to Financial Tsunami of 2008. Moreover, this research will utilize the several statistics in order to determine the differences and compare the past and previous performance of banks in Hong Kong in terms of profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio and ROCE. As stated above, the researcher will be assisted by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in coming up with the statistical analysis for this study. SPSS is one of the most widely available and powerful statistical software packages that covers a broad range of statistical procedures, which allows a researcher to summarize data (e.g., compute means and standard deviations), determine whether there are significant differences between groups (e.g., t-tests, analysis of variance), examine relationships among variables (e.g., correlation, multiple regression), and graph results (e.g., bar charts, line graphs) ( 2000).  And from the ratios collated, the researcher will be using the paired-sample t-test.       3.4.1 Paired Sample T-test             Basically,  (1994) stated that the paired sample t-test is the most commonly used method to evaluate the differences in means between two samples. For example, the t-test can be used to test for a difference in the past performance of a certain firm (i.e. financial ratios in 2007 and 2008). Theoretically, the t-test can be used even if the sample sizes are very small, as long as the variables are normally distributed within each group and the variation of scores in the two groups is not reliably different  (1994). And since we were be dealing of financial ratios in which the numbers are fixed then paired sample t-test would be appropriate. As mentioned before, the normality assumption can be evaluated by looking at the distribution of the data (via histograms) or by performing a normality test. The equality of variances assumption can be verified with the F test, or you can use the more robust  test (1994). If these conditions are not met, then you can evaluate the differences in means between two groups using one of the nonparametric alternatives to the t- test. Actually, the researcher opted to use paired sample t-test analysis to determine the difference between the past and current performance among banks in order to identify if the financial tsunami of 2008 created an impact to them.             In addition, the p-level reported with a t-test represents the probability of error involved in accepting our research hypothesis about the existence of a difference  (1994). Technically speaking, this is the probability of error associated with rejecting the hypothesis of no difference between the two categories of observations (corresponding to the groups) in the population when, in fact, the hypothesis is true.             As pointed out by (1994), that if the difference is in the predicted direction, you can consider only one half (one “tail”) of the probability distribution and thus divide the standard p-level reported with a t-test (a “two-tailed” probability) by two. However, the report should always standard, two-tailed t-test probability. Apparently, when testing for a relationship between two variables, sometimes there is a 3rd variable, which we are not interested in at the moment, which influences the results. So, the null hypothesis (Ho: x and y are independent), can also be written as: Ho: mD= 0, where mD = population mean of difference scores df = N – 1, where N = the number of pairs of participants   Then, using the standard “template” suggested by (1994) for our inference test, we have:       3.5 Limitations             When interpreting the results of this research, several issues should be kept in mind. First, ratings in this study will be made for developmental purposes only, which raise a question about the generalisability of to results to ratings provided in the context of decisions. In light of their findings the generalisability concerns expressed above may be minor. Another issue pertains to the conditions under which ratings were obtained in the study and their potential effects on the subsequent ratings. Managers’ participation in the study was voluntary, indicating that they were actively seeking feedback about the banks financial performance in response to Financial Tsunami of 2008. We do not know how these raters perceived the feedback-seeking behavior of target managers in this study, nor do we know how or if the performance of managers who participate voluntarily differs from the performance raters who do not. Both of these issues appear to be worthwhile topics for future research. Despite these potential limitations, we believe there are several features of this study that enhance its contribution to the literature.             After the respondents answered in the interview, the researchers then asked them to cite the parts of the questions that need improvement. The researcher even asked for suggestions and corrections from the respondents to ensure that the interview-questionnaire is effective.     3.6 Summary             In summary, the researcher will have taken four major phases to complete the study. Phase 1: Problem Identification for Research             In the first phase, the researcher identifies the specific focus of the problem to be researched. This involves reviewing existing theory, research, and practices from professional literature. This process helps me integrate theoretical perspectives and empirical findings with my own understanding of the problem, and discern the aspect of the problem the researcher want to research and learn more about.   Phase 2: Administration of the Instrument             After reviewing literature, the researcher formulates questions for the interview and makes a set of guide questionnaires for the interview. These are then presented to the advisor for validation purposes. After this the researcher will initiate a process of building collaborations with the individuals who will participate in the study.   Phase 3: Data Collection and Analysis             In the third phase, the researcher will collect and analyse data for the purposes of identifying critical cultural/contextual variables specific to their setting particularly in  banking setting. These data will enable me to achieve a specific understanding of the problem. Phase 4: Data Synthesis and Generation of Recommendations             In the fourth phase, the researcher will synthesize findings from the previous phases and relevant previous research. The focus of this stage is to synthesize these data to modify existing hypotheses and account for different factors, as well as generating recommendations based on new understandings. During this phase, research-based, culture-specific recommendations for action will be generated.                               Questionnaire     The researcher is conducting a study on the adverse impacts of the recent financial tsunami taken place in 2008 on the performance of the “Bank Industry” in Hong Kong in terms of profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, and ROCE. To enable the researcher to make the necessary conclusions and recommendations for this study, it would be very much appreciated if you answer all the items in the questionnaire.             Information given will be treated in strictest confidence.                                                                                         Thank you.       Part I.  Demographic Data   Direction: Please fill up in all the necessary information about yourself.  Don’t leave any item unanswered.   a.     Name: ___________________________________________ b.     Age:  ________ c.     Gender: Male ( )               Female ( ) d.     Civil Status: Single ( )              Married ( )    Separated (  )                     Widow/Widower  ( )   e.     Educational Attainment Elementary  ( )  High School  ( )        College ( )    Graduate  ( ) f.        Name of your Bank:_____________________________________________ g.     Interview Number ____________ h.     Interview Date ____________   Part II.  Problems and Solutions Directions:  List down your concerns and suggestions regarding the impact of the recent financial tsunami taken place in 2008 on the performance of your Bank in terms of profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, and ROCE.   <li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: justify"> What are the most common problems that your organisation encountered with regards to the recent Financial Tsunami? </li>   a.  ______________________________________________________________ b.  ______________________________________________________________ c.  ______________________________________________________________   <li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: justify"> What solutions would you suggest to solve these problems you’ve mentioned? </li>   a.  ______________________________________________________________ b.  ______________________________________________________________ c.  ______________________________________________________________             Interview Questions   INTERVIEW QUESTIONS   1.            How long have you been working in your organisation? 2.            What is your idea regarding the recent Financial Tsunami? 3.            In your opinion, what is the primary reason of its occurrence? 4.            Do you think the recent financial tsunami created an adverse impact to the overall businesses in Hong Kong? In what ways? 5.            Do you think the recent financial tsunami created an adverse impact to the Banking Industry of Hong Kong? In what ways? 6.            Do you think the recent Financial Tsunami created an adverse impact in your bank? In what ways? 7.            For you, what are the possible factors in Financial Tsunami that could affect the bank’s performance? 8.            Now that your bank has still performing, are you satisfied with your previous performance? Explain. 9.            Based on the financial ratios of your bank, what is your organization’s edge compared to other banks? 10.       Finally, what are visions of the organisation as regards to its future?   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Adverse impacts of the recent financial tsunami taken place in 2008 on the performance of the Bank Industry in Hong Kong

Chapter 3 Methods and Procedure 3.1 Chapter Overview This chapter shall discuss the research methods available for the st...

Las Vegas Sands cotai strip Macau

Las Vegas Sands cotai strip Macau   Introduction  (2009) indicated that, the opening of Macao’s casino industry with new legislation passed by the government of the Macao Special Administrative Region has provided the opportunity for new foreign casino operators, Wynn Resorts (Macao) Limited, Las Vegas Sands, Galaxy Casino Company Limited (Hong Kong), MGM Mirage, Melco Crown and others to launch casino operations in the region. One of the strategic decisions that participants in this market must make is the composition of table games and slot machine offerings, as well as the mix of gaming and non-gaming amenities, to be employed in casino properties. The evaluation of the characteristics and prospects for table games and slots in the emerging gaming market of Macao is also of considerable interest to the casino operations wholly-owned subsidiary of previous casino monopoly and its joint venture properties ( 2009).   Background information The recent controversy of Guia Hill is example of how private developments are eating up all available spaces, particularly after the COTAI area, destined majorly as residential area for the city expansion, was converted in the “COTAI Strip”. The forecast residential density just migrated from area to Macao peninsula and central Taipa Island where the new tower rich 50 floors (2006). COTAI plan was designed to support residential population of 180,000 residents and 40,000 visitors to MICE and hotel. After the liberalization of the gaming industry, private and public spaces like schools, fire stations, markets, and residential places were all being eat up. Only the race carting and small golf course remain untouched because they are built over garbage dumpling reclamation. Even if the population is rapidly increasing, there is no space available for school, social facilities and residence was removed from the 1999 plan, new plan contemplates casinos and hotels with few high class residential complex, most of them inaccessible for local residents. There are no hospitals, churches and parks, Macao citizens are moving to green landscape and better environment of neighboring areas.   Performance Evaluation Casino and hotel developers bought even the space reserved for the extension of Macao University of Science and Technology for about 10 billion- a space exclusively given for education purposes by the government. Legislative Councilor  even publicly criticized that “in this case no one knows how much they sell for the site. The purpose of land use has been changed without any announcement and public consultation” (13 February 2007). The land transaction process was considered as a black box activity. Local residents also express their dissatisfaction. The IACM (Institute for Civic and Municipal Affairs) also received resident complaints about casino developments on the Taipa Lake, an area that is just in front of bird-reserved area with rich ecological value ( 13 February 2007). Thus,, also concerns about the lack of green spaces in the Taipa area and blame that new developments have taken away most of their sport grounds, green spaces and recreation sites (21 June 2006). Macao needs holistic urban planning strategy to cope with the future population growth and tourism development. The planning process is not transparent at all and only the few of them can determine the fate of the City. Macao does not have statutory channel for public inspections of town plans. It does not have transparent land sales system such as public auction or tendering. The announcement of the master plan for Macao, positive steps for Macao development in scientific and social responsible way.  (2006) there accounts to tourism destination, purpose of revenue management is to maximize the amount and minimize the risk of tourism revenue how Macau can maintain stable gaming revenue growth via product differentiation in the face of competition from emerging gaming destinations in Asia. Macau has recently opened its gaming market by bringing in Las Vegas gaming operators. While the introduction of Las Vegas-style casinos should help modernize Macau’s gaming industry, Macau’s market advantage is being threatened by the proliferation of Las Vegas-style destinations in the region. Implementing revenue management strategy, Macau will be able to preserve its risk-taker market and minimize the revenue risk posed by upcoming competition in the region. The onset of global financial tsunami in late 2008, Macao’s casino capitalism has been forced into retrenchment. Foreign investors in its casino industry have scaled down their projects and reduced both salaries and benefits for their employees. The Las Vegas Sands in late 2008 halted construction of hotels and shopping centers on the reclaimed land known as the Cotai Strip, Chinese mainland and Hong Kong construction workers lost their jobs Macao government had to draft contingency plan for repatriating mainland workers who might otherwise have overstayed their visas. Thus, other casino capitalists reduced the work hours and pay of employees, leading to complaints from casino employees unions that had seldom asserted themselves in past years.             Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Las Vegas Sands cotai strip Macau

Las Vegas Sands cotai strip Macau Introduction (2009) indicated that, the opening of Macao’s casino industry with new legislation ...

Research proposal on the service quality of Prestige Account provided by Hang Seng Bank

The Service Quality of Prestige Account provided by Hang Seng Bank   Introduction The world of work and organization has become increasingly demanding and turbulent. There are eight major challenges currently facing organizations. These are globalization, responsiveness to customers, increasing revenue and decreasing costs, building organizational capability, change and transformation, implementing technology, attracting and developing human capital, and ensuring fundamental and long-lasting change. Thus, levels of competition among organizations have increased. In banking industry, banking businesses are offering different add on services to enhance their competitive advantage.  Some banks offer internet banking, some also offers high interest earnings, some also offer low cash loan, and etc.  With this head-to-head battle among banks in Hong Kong, Hang Seng Bank are now offering a new banking service known as “Prestige Banking”. In this service, Hang Seng Bank promised to offer prestige service to manage their customers’ wealth effectively.  Actually, Hang Seng bank are eager to fully provide a so-called Prestige Banking Service which is tailor made to attain and meet special needs of their customers. Along with Hang Seng bank’s integrated banking services, a complete collection of supple wealth management answers are offered to assist their clients achieve wealth management goals at all times.   Background of Hang Seng Bank             Hang Seng Bank or currently known as Hang Seng Bank Limited is the second largest Bank in Hong Kong.  Although the company is listed company, large part of it or more than 50% of its equity is owned by the HSBC Group. Basically, the vision of the bank is to increase the shareholder value by strengthening their attitude as a top business organisation in Greater China, focusing on the whole on Pearl watercourse Delta, the Yangtze canal Delta and the Bohai money-spinning Rim regions. Currently, the bank strongly capitalised for profit hoard with the purpose of provides a wide array of corporate banking, commercial banking, wealth management, treasury and private banking services. However, the past experience of Hang Seng Bank banking industry crisis hit Hong Kong revealed that they were seriously affected. During that time, Hang Seng Bank as the colony’s second largest, was about to flounder in a run. Chase offered help but Hang Seng preferred HSBC, because of its local roots, and sold it a majority stake in 1965. These deals illuminate the difference between corporate strategy and the realities of the marketplace (King 1991). Diversification had taken a beating although it was only in 2000 when acquisitions in Asia became topical again, in a small way. Two of them were part of the private banking drive, PCIB Savings Bank in the Manila area and Taiwan’s leading asset manager China Securities Investment Trust Corp. in 2001, to be followed by an 8 per cent stake in the Bank of Shanghai (Laulajainen 2003). From this past experience, it seems that Hang Seng Bank can now handle the financial Tsunami.  The bank refurnished their main focus to pursuit of excellence for their customers. In Hong Kong, they currently have a vast network of over 210 service outlets. Established on 28 May 2007, our wholly owned subsidiary Hang Seng Bank (China) Limited operates a mainland China network of 32 outlets in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Tianjin. There is also a branch in Shenzhen for foreign currency wholesale business, branches in Macau and Singapore, and representative offices in Xiamen and Taipei. As a pioneer of premium service, Hang Seng Bank has currently 9,600 staff. Hang Seng Bank is a principal member of the HSBC Group, which is among the world’s largest financial services organisations and holds a 62.14% equity interest in the Bank. The Bank offers investors in the United States a Sponsored Level-I American Depositary Receipts Programme.   Aims and objectives of the study While the research questions only refer to the information that the researcher intended to question. The objectives, however, will focus on the necessary problems and objectives that should be clarified in order to gather the intended information and also be able to derive specific information that are not limited by the previous questions. With these objectives, the study will be able to attain the necessary information that can help derive further conclusions and proper recommendations. The study intends to determine the Service Quality of Prestige Account provided by Hang Seng Bank. The study intends to get the appropriate data to help in making the proper assessment. There are other aims and objectives of the study. This includes <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%"> To determine what Hang Seng bank do to meet the needs of their clients. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%"> To determine the things done by Hang Seng bank to give satisfaction to their clients. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%"> To determine and assess the perception of clients pertaining to the Service Quality of Prestige Account provided by Hang Seng Bank. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%"> To identify how successful the bank is and how the add on service known as “Prestige Account” contribute to the success of the bank. </li>   Methodology The study shall use survey using questionnaires to gather pertinent data (Creswell, 1994). The questionnaire will be made in such a way that the Hang Seng Bank clients will spend less time in answering it. Moreover, the study shall also use previous studies and compare it to its existing data in order to provide conclusions and competent recommendations. Survey can be done either by personal survey, telephone survey, self administered questionnaire, mailed questionnaire, and email questionnaire. The study will initially gather information that will serve as introductory part of the study. These kind of information helps the reader what the study is about, what it intends to do and what will be its result. The study will then gather related literature to prove the need for conducting the study. The literature review can help in determining what are the studies already done, what study needs to be corrected. The study will then determine the methods and means for data to be gathered and analyzed. In this part the data is being readied to be gathered and analyzed but the method to gather it will first be determined.  The next part of the study is gathering, presenting and interpreting the data. In this part the validity of the hypothesis and ideas about the study will be proven. The last part of the study will be the part where conclusions and recommendations will be stated. In this part final statement about the study will be done.   References   Creswell, JW 1994, Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California.     Laulajainen, R 2003, Financial geography: a banker’s view, Routledge, New York   King, FH 1991, The Hong Kong bank in the period of development and nationalism, 1941-1984, vol. 4, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.                 Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Research proposal on the service quality of Prestige Account provided by Hang Seng Bank

The Service Quality of Prestige Account provided by Hang Seng Bank Introduction The world of work and organization has become increa...

Thesis Chapter 3 and Survey Questionnaire on An evaluation study on adverse impacts on the financial tsunami taken place in 2008 on the performance of the Bank Industry in Hong Kong in terms of profitability ratio,liquidity ratio,efficiency ratio and ROCE

Chapter 3 Methods and Procedure 	  	3.1 Chapter Overview 	This chapter 	shall discuss the research methods available for the study and what is 	applicable for it to use. Likewise, the chapter shall present how the 	research will be implemented and how to come up with pertinent findings. 	            	Moreover, this methodology part of the research underwent into several 	stages. In the research design, the researcher collected secondary data i.e. 	from financial ratios of Hong Kong Banks found on www.hkex.com.hk and 	http://www.hkab.org.hk and formulated and developed the survey 	questionnaire. In this stage, these instruments were subjected to approval 	and validation. During the data collection, the researcher collated and 	summarized the data obtained from these sources. The researcher then 	analyzed these data and from these, the researcher came up with findings and 	recommendations that shall be presented in the next chapters. 	  	 	3.2 Method of 	Research Used 	            This 	study will be utilizing the descriptive type of methodology. In this method, 	the possibility of making the study cheap and quick becomes apparent. Aside 	from this, it could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nevertheless, it 	would be very hard to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer 	causations. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) 	guided the researcher when he stated: “Descriptive method of research is 	to gather information about the present existing condition.”  	 	            The purpose of 	employing this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists 	at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. 	The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of 	the researcher to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to 	formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. 	To come up with pertinent findings and to provide credible recommendations, 	this study utilized two sources of research: primary and secondary.  Primary 	research data were obtained through this new research study. Interviews were 	conducted. Basically, for this research design, the researcher will gather 	data, collate published studies from different local and foreign 	universities and articles from business journals; financial ratios from 	 	www.hkex.com.hk and http://www.hkab.org.hk 	and make an evaluation of the collected documentary and verbal material.  	Afterwards, the researcher will summaries all the information, make a 	conclusion based on the hypotheses posited and provide insightful 	recommendations on the dealing with the current status of banking businesses 	in Hong Kong in response to Financial Tsunami of 2008. 	  	3.3 Data Collection 	Data shall be collected from 	multiple sources, allowing for a number of different perspectives to be 	taken into consideration in the development of the recommendations. 	 The data sources 	that will be examined include: 	·         	a review of the 	appropriate research literature. This include examining recent studies 	related to Hong Kong Bank industry, Asian financial crisis and current 	financial tsunami of 2008; <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> 		responses of the 		respondents in the survey questionnaire. The survey shall focus on 		bank’s performance as perceived by their clients considering the 		emergence of recent financial tsunami. </li> </ul> 	·         	And 	profitability ratio, 	liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, and ROCE 	of five major banks 	such as Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Standard 	Chartered Bank (Hong Kong), Citibank (Hong Kong), Hang Seng Bank and Bank of 	China from www.hkex.com.hk and 	http://www.hkab.org.hk.    3.3.1 Sample 	and Sampling Technique             The 	respondents of the study came from the individuals in five major banks such 	as Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Standard Chartered 	Bank (Hong Kong), Citibank (Hong Kong), Hang Seng Bank and Bank of China. 	These subjects are comprises of clients/customers of the selected banks.  	Due to time constraint and also, for the convenience of the researcher, only 	ten (10) respondents for each banks were considered for the study since the 	whole population is not available.  Basically, the use of Slovin’s formula 	was imposed in the study to pick up the respondents, mainly because the 	availability of the respondents was considered.             This 	part of the study is important because the most important data needed to 	fulfill the objectives of this study will only be supplied by the 	respondents from the individuals that are involved in these banks.   	 	 	3.3.2 Respondents of the Study 	 	 	The general population for this study is composed 50 individuals from 	different Bank business in Hong Kong which understands the current status of 	their organizations. 	Basically, Guilford, J.P. and 	B. Fruchter (1973), initiated that it is advisable to use the Slovin’s 	formula in choosing sample sizes. Thus, the sample size (10) of the 	population in this paper was determined by Slovin’s formula. The formula of 	Slovin (1960) is given as follows: 	 Where:       n = a 	sample size        	N= population size 	e= desired margin of error 	(percent allowance for non-precision                      because of the use 	of the sample instead of the population).  	  	To determine the determine the 	views of the bank’s customers in Hong Kong, the researcher prepares a 	measurement scale for the response that is reflected in the questionnaires 	that is asked by the researcher. Each of this has a corresponding equivalent 	weight. This Linker scale is used to measure the weight of the responses 	elicited by the researcher. It is ranged from 1 to 0. 	 	Range                                                  Interpretation                         4.50 	– 5.00                                          Strongly Agree 	3.50 – 4.49   	                                       Agree 	2.50 – 3.49  	                                        Uncertain 	1.50 – 	2.49                                          Disagree            	 	0.00 – 	1.49                                          Strongly Disagree 	  	3.4 Data 	Analysis 	            When 	the entire interview responses and information from www.hkex.com.hk and 	 	http://www.hkab.org.hk have been collected, the researcher used 	statistics to analyze all the ratios; and was assisted by the SPSS in coming 	up with the statistical analysis for this study. For the interview, an 	evaluation was drawn in order to identify factors pertaining to the 	financial status of the banks with regards to Financial Tsunami of 2008. 	Moreover, this research will utilize the several statistics in order to 	determine the differences and compare the past and previous performance of 	banks in Hong Kong in terms of profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, 	efficiency ratio and ROCE. 	As stated above, the 	researcher will be assisted by the Statistical Package for the Social 	Sciences (SPSS) in coming up with the statistical analysis for this study. 	SPSS is one of the most widely available and powerful statistical software 	packages that covers a broad range of statistical procedures, which allows a 	researcher to summaries data (e.g., compute means and standard deviations), 	determine whether there are significant differences between groups (e.g., 	t-tests, analysis of variance), examine relationships among variables (e.g., 	correlation, multiple regression), and graph results (e.g., bar charts, line 	graphs) (Einstein and Abernethy, 2000).  And from the ratios collated, the 	researcher will be using the paired-sample t-test.   3.4.1 Paired 	Sample T-test             	Basically, Creswell (1994) stated that the paired sample t-test is the most 	commonly used method to evaluate the differences in means between two 	samples. For example, the t-test can be used to test for a difference in the 	past performance of a certain firm (i.e. financial ratios in 2007 and 2008). 	Theoretically, the t-test can be used even if the sample sizes are very 	small, as long as the variables are normally distributed within each group 	and the variation of scores in the two groups is not reliably different 	Creswell (1994). And since we were be dealing of financial ratios in which 	the numbers are fixed then paired sample t-test would be appropriate. As 	mentioned before, the normality assumption can be evaluated by looking at 	the distribution of the data (via histograms) or by performing a normality 	test. The equality of variances assumption can be verified with the 	F 	test, or you can use 	the more robust Levene’s test Creswell (1994). If these conditions are not 	met, then you can evaluate the differences in means between two groups using 	one of the nonparametric alternatives to the t- test. Actually, the 	researcher opted to use paired sample t-test analysis to determine the 	difference between the past and current performance among banks in order to 	identify if the financial tsunami of 2008 created an impact to them.             In 	addition, the p-level reported with a t-test represents the probability of 	error involved in accepting our research hypothesis about the existence of a 	difference Creswell (1994). Technically speaking, this is the probability of 	error associated with rejecting the hypothesis of no difference between the 	two categories of observations (corresponding to the groups) in the 	population when, in fact, the hypothesis is true.             As 	pointed out by Creswell (1994), that if the difference is in the predicted 	direction, you can consider only one half (one “tail”) of the probability 	distribution and thus divide the standard p-level reported with a t-test (a 	“two-tailed” probability) by two. However, the report should always 	standard, two-tailed t-test probability. Apparently, when testing for a 	relationship between two variables, sometimes there is a 3rd variable, which 	we are not interested in at the moment, which influences the results. 	 	So, the null hypothesis (Ho: x 	and y are independent), can also be written as: 				Ho: mD= 				0, where mD = population mean of difference scores 				df = N – 1, where 				N = the number of pairs of participants 	Then, using the standard 	“template” suggested by Creswell (1994) for our inference test, we have:   3.5 	Limitations             When 	interpreting the results of this research, several issues should be kept in 	mind. First, ratings in this study will be made for developmental purposes 	only. Another issue pertains to the conditions under which ratings were 	obtained in the study and their potential effects on the subsequent ratings. 	The subjects’ participation in the study was voluntary, indicating that they 	were actively seeking feedback about the banks financial performance in 	response to Financial Tsunami of 2008. We do not know how these respondents 	perceived the current status of their respective banks, nor do we know how 	or if the views of subjects who participate voluntarily differs from the 	performance respondents who do not. Both of these issues appear to be 	worthwhile topics for future research. Despite these potential limitations, 	we believe there are several features of this study that enhance its 	contribution to the literature.             	After the respondents answered in the interview, the researchers then asked 	them to cite the parts of the questions that need improvement. The 	researcher even asked for suggestions and corrections from the respondents 	to ensure that the interview-questionnaire is effective.   3.6 Summary             In 	summary, the researcher will have taken four major phases to complete the 	study. 	  Phase 1: 	Problem Identification for Research 	 	            In the first phase, the researcher identifies the specific focus 	of the problem to be researched. This involves reviewing existing theory, 	research, and practices from professional literature. This process helps me 	integrate theoretical perspectives and empirical findings with my own 	understanding of the problem, and discern the aspect of the problem the 	researcher want to research and learn more about. 	  Phase 2: 	Administration of the Instrument             	After reviewing literature, the researcher formulates questions for the 	interview and makes a set of guide questionnaires for the interview. These 	are then presented to the advisor for validation purposes. After this the 	researcher will initiate a process of building collaborations with the 	individuals who will participate in the study.     Phase 3: 	Data Collection and Analysis             In 	the third phase, the researcher will collect and analyze data for the 	purposes of identifying critical cultural/contextual variables specific to 	their setting particularly in banking setting. These data will enable me to 	achieve a specific understanding of the problem.   Phase 4: 	Data Synthesis and Generation of Recommendations             In 	the fourth phase, the researcher will synthesize findings from the previous 	phases and relevant previous research. The focus of this stage is to 	synthesize these data to modify existing hypotheses and account for 	different factors, as well as generating recommendations based on new 	understandings. During this phase, research-based, culture-specific 	recommendations for action will be generated. 	 	  	 	References: 	Creswell, JW 1994, Research 	design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, 	California: Sage. 	  	Einstein, G & Abernethy, K 	2000, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 10.0). 	Greenville, South Carolina: Furman University. 	  	Guilford, JP & Fruchter B 	1973, Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, 5th 	Edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill <http://erc.msh.org/quality/ittools/itstkan.cfm> 	 	  	  	  	  	Questionnaire 	  	  	The researcher is conducting a 	study on the adverse impacts of the recent financial tsunami taken place in 	2008 on the performance of the “Bank Industry”. To enable the researcher to 	make the necessary conclusions and recommendations for this study, it would 	be very much appreciated if you answer all the items in the questionnaire. 	            Information given 	will be treated in strictest confidence. 	 	                                                                                    	    	Thank you. 	 	Part I.  	Demographic Data 	  	Direction: Please fill up in 	all the necessary information about yourself.  Don’t leave any item 	unanswered. 	  	a.      	Name: 	___________________________________________ 	b.      	Age:  ________ 	c.       	Gender: 	Male ( )                 Female ( ) 	d.      	Civil Status: 	Single ( )                	Married ( )      Separated (  )              Widow/Widower  ( ) 	  	  	e.      	Educational Attainment 	Elementary  ( )      High School  ( )            College ( )       Graduate  	( ) 	f.        	Name of your 	Bank:_____________________________________________ 	g.      	Interview Number ____________ 	h.      	Interview Date ____________ 	  	Part II.  	Problems and Solutions 	Directions:  	List down your concerns and suggestions regarding the impact of the 	recent financial tsunami taken 	place in 2008 on the performance of your Bank in terms of profitability 	ratio, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, and ROCE. 	  <li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> 		With regards to the recent 		Financial Tsunami, do you have any problems to the services of your 		current bank? If yes, what are these? </li> 	  	a.  	______________________________________________________________ 	b.  	______________________________________________________________ 	c.  	______________________________________________________________ 	  <li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> 		What solutions would you 		suggest to solve these problems you’ve mentioned? </li> 	  	a.  	______________________________________________________________ 	b.  	______________________________________________________________ 	c.  	______________________________________________________________ 	  	  	Part III. Survey 	Questions 	Rate the following statements using a 	modified Likert scale with the following interpretations: Strongly Agree-5; 	Agree- 4; Neutral- 3; Disagree- 2; Strongly Disagree- 1. 	    1.             With regards to the recent Financial Tsunami, my current bank is still performing expressively.   2.             My bank is performing better compared to their performance in previous years.   3.             I believe that my current bank was continuously growing in spite of the recent Financial Tsunami.   4.             In my opinion, my bank had more customers compared to the number of customers last 2007.   5.             The recent financial tsunami has no significant impact to the services offered of my bank.   6.             I am very satisfied with the current services of my bank.   7.             I am very confident that my savings with this bank is safe.   8.             There are no signs of bankruptcy in my current bank even though there is global financial crisis.   9.             I believe that my current bank will continue to grow for the next five years.   10.         The bank industry in Hong Kong is not affected by the recent financial tsunami.          5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3              2              1                      5          4              3              2              1         5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3              2              1           5          4              3          2          1 Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Thesis Chapter 3 and Survey Questionnaire on An evaluation study on adverse impacts on the financial tsunami taken place in 2008 on the performance of the Bank Industry in Hong Kong in terms of profitability ratio,liquidity ratio,efficiency ratio and ROCE

Chapter 3 Methods and Procedure 3.1 Chapter Overview This chapter shall discuss the research methods availabl...