The Broad Plan of Action
Basis of the Plan
Ideally, the three strategies should be undertaken in order. This is based on the presumption that Cambodia is a soft country whose culture drives the economy. Therefore, as implied by Lee Kuan Yew, the values of the people must be understood initially to know their aspirations which are supported by the first strategy. This is the stage where the degree of the need for achievement will be explored. A good venue to discover cultural pattern is in educational institutions. Also, as the Cambodian economy is limited to three industries such as agriculture, textile and tourism, training and learning institutions are crucial elements to revive the traditional culture.
Revival of the culture means that these institutions have the capability to dampen the memories of the brutal rule of Khmer Rouge in 1970s. This decade is responsible in infusing fear to today’s survivors and forcefully barred them to learn non-agricultural trades. Thus, the past emphasized non-social class rule. This condition is one where the motivation to achieve is non-existent because people cannot influence the outcome as the work is not their choice and also they have narrow skill to take other work. By creating numerous institutions that fosters learning, diversity of skills and professionalism, Cambodians can have a different view other than their traditional beliefs.
The second strategy is related to the first and serves as a supporting mechanism to the continuity and success of the latter. The communist ideologies of 1970s are likely roaming within the country and the social fear is still apparent. Therefore, the government must protect the independence of the family in making choices especially in sending their children to the institutions defined above. The fear or possible coercion for political and social beliefs must be halted. Equally important is supporting the economic dimension of the family especially those who are in subsistence agriculture. Since poverty is related to lack of mobility and choice, the established institutions may not attract younger generation as families require their children in farming for economic needs.
Finally, the third strategy is the final element of the change framework where individuals, families and communities will be able to contribute to the society. As they have already acquired the necessary skills and understand their social class with the aid of the government, they are now able to select a certain work based on overload principle. The intervention of foreign investors would also provide diversity, economic fuel and the needed foreign aid by the government. With the ever-expanding economy, the opportunities for Cambodians also expand. As a result, this will result to high need for achievement among Cambodians.
Specific Implementation and Step Results
Strategy 1
a. Establishment of state-owned colleges and universities – higher learning is accessible; one way to drive farming families/ communities to other sector; rise of future leaders from rural poverty
b. Development of skills development institutions – promotes independence to farming; alternative to agricultural jobs especially those who do not have education as a child; formalizing skills for formal employment
c. Creation of formal community groups – strong community ties coupled with local project and alternative livelihood; extending the influencers to the family aside from its members; a starter for national cohesion
d. Spearheading an all girls school – emphasize the role of women In community/ nation-building; make the workplaces more challenging and interesting with more women; minimize gender discrimination
e. Increasing the public role of media – accessible information updates the reality of people and serve as guide in decision-making; an indication that freedom of speech and expression is the norm
f. Allowing multi-party election and development of different interest groups – as monitoring system to politics, economy and other issues; a sign of political freedom; maintains variability in opinion
Strategy 2
a. Increase the number of to primary and secondary free-public schooling especially in rural areas – prevent child labor in farms; avoid early marriage; instill child independence earlier in life
b. Give own farming land to farmers – as source of pride and independence from anyone; the land can be used as collateral for children who wants to study in universities; owning the land presently sowed is not an achievement issue
c. Increasing the number of law enforcers –minimize fear from possible communist actions; private property rights can be imposed; expression of oneself is done freely
d. Provision of modern techniques in agriculture – increase productivity and yield of farming families; less use of labor thus children have higher chance of schooling; prevent disproportionate value of agricultural labor
e. Maintain internal and external peace – tourism will continue to flourish thus more opportunities, earlier efforts to revive the country will not be disrupted; politicians and other officials will be more effective
Strategy 3
a. Provide access to financing – stimulate entrepreneurship interest of the people; reduce the role of farms in decision-making; circulate to the economy the corrupted money of some government officials
b. Increase the diversity local and national industries – provide more employment opportunities; minimize the role of government in terms of economic transactions; one step towards economic freedom
c. Welcoming expatriates and foreign techniques – acquire technology and best practices; make the industries of the country more competitive; stimulate the economy towards growth
d. Protect the welfare of foreign investors – provide and administer bilateral contracts; continued economic growth without extremist violence; favorable treatment will have a trickle-effect to other investors
e. Privatization of companies that can be carried effectively by the private sector – minimize the role of government in society building, increase private sector participation which comprises of family and community; build favorable-to-economy competition between the private individuals/ companies
Bibliography
Curtis, G 1998, Cambodia Reborn? The Transition to Democracy and Development, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
CIA Fact Book, viewed 27 February 2008, <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html>
Megginson, L. & Irwin, R> 1972, Personnel: A Behavioral Approach to Administration, Homewood, IL.
Attachments
Overview of McClelland Achievement Theory of Motivation
Need for Achievement (nAch) is one of the 3 dominant needs that is a source of human motivation together with need for power and affiliation.
Achievement need is human motive
Overload principle = moderately dif but potentially achievable goals —> if only people can influence the outcome through their skills and attitudes
Achievers are not gamblers; non-achievers have extreme attitudes towards risk; gamble big or bet little
Accomplishment > rewards/ praise/ money, if any money serve as barometer for comparison
Achievers prefer feedback to job performance rather attitudes or team work
Why? —> Achievers think how to do things better
Often, not effective managers due lack human skills
Achievers develop in families whose parents differ in expectation to child compared to others. INDEPENDENCE, SELF-DECISION
TAT can measure the level of achievement-motivation
Other findings and tests:
N-Ach increase as occupation increase
Western nations and their Protestant ethic support achievement as motivator
Thus, individual and national N-Ach is measurable
Illustration of the Cambodian Strategy Framework
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com
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