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Rapid growth of technological advancement in the society

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Background Outline    The rapid growth of technological advancement in the society has brought people so much ease in all the things they do. Part of this technological advancement is the emergence of the Information Technology. Information Technology (IT) management along with the internet context is often regarded as the unquestioned cornerstone towards competitiveness in the 21st century. These technological advancements have brought people especially those in the business world to utilize a strategy that would be helpful in enhancing the business value of any organisation (1999). Furthermore, this development has made changes and development of the plans and strategies of the management of any organisation especially those in the marketing environment.  Within the market place, one of the most important things to consider is to establish a strategy that will be useful for different activities of the organisation and enhance the value of the business as a whole with the use of the information technology. With the emergence of the World Wide Web and information technology, more and more businesses are trying to adopt a new marketing approach attached or aligned with the internet. For instance, those retailing industries, attempted to gain competitive advantage thought the use of internet. Internet businesses or e-businesses have emerged leaving behind non e–business companies.  Accordingly, business model is an integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions the firm uses to gain a competitive advantage by exploiting core competencies in specific product markets (1999).  Only firms that continuously upgrade their competitive advantages over time are able to achieve long-term success with their strategy and implementation.  Choosing the appropriate business model is intended to create differences between the industry’s positions relative to those of its rivals (, 1996). To position itself a firm must decide to whether it intends to perform activities differently or to perform the different activities as compared to its rivals.  Thus, the firm’s business model is a deliberate choice about how it will perform the value chain’s primary and support activities in ways to create unique value. Over the years, different companies and organization are trying to utilize the business model in which they think should bring success to the over-all performance of a business.  In addition, business model is also referred as the mechanism or system by which any firm or business aims to produce profit or revenue.  It is the totality of how the industry intends to serve its target market.  It involves both the marketing strategy and its strategic implementation.   Throughout the years, the uses of business model are regarded as complicated and sophisticated.  Business models have different kinds.  Prior to the use of Internet, business industries competition depend largely on how they locked their consumers.  This means that the business industries are in control of their consumers by means of the kind of products or services that the business industries will offer.  The relationship between the organization and the consumers are being embedded to consumer as a buyer and the organization as the producer.  In this manner, the consumer would tend to buy the products from the store just to avail what they want. However, because of the globalization and information technology, different models of business have emerged. Primarily, the main goal of this dissertation is to analyse the latest techniques in Internet presence and study how these techniques impact/compliments existing brick-and-mortar businesses from marketing, cost effectiveness, customer relationship management and international reach.   1.1 Problem Theme As mentioned, the existence of internet has been able to transform the business environment. The use of the internet as part of business marketing and retailing is changing rapidly. It is said that the internet provides the retail market a new market model which cater not just for cloths, books and music but almost every products or service buyable and sellable. Among the most recognized brands and products sold in the internet retail are books, drugs, apparel, and electronic and technological gadgets.  Accordingly, the use of internet retailing has been able to create virtual communities which assure better communication and larger profits for the company. The latest techniques associated with internet retailing enables the company to gain competitive advantage as internet served as a platform for advanced technology and applications which allows the retailers by having better recognition both in the national and international level. In addition, internet retailing marketing techniques also has the ability to gain competitive advantage because of its availability in the internet market 24/7 with fewer or most of the time unlimited geographic boundaries. The internet approach also has interactive two-way communication, automation, personalization or customization, search facilitation and most of all knowledge or information sharing (2004). Such abilities are known to create advantage, attract, and satisfy consumers from any walks of life globally as well as increase profits.  As customers’ convenience is indulged by a wealth of personalized information services and availability, they can enjoy shopping (2001).The Internet also brings an easier integration of past business models and functions such as data collection and sharing.  and his colleagues put the idea simply that the Internet is combined communication medium and distribution/transaction channel, which is quite different from traditional marketplaces allowing simple to multiple tasks to be performed at the same time and at the same environment. In addition, the internet retailing also allows the company to gain good customer relationship easily because of their ability to create customer participation and customization among other wide-ranged access to services.  Consumers are granted powers that traditional markets limit (primarily due to the presence of intermediaries, the lack of speedy processes, cost-effectiveness, integration, and combination the Internet medium can provide).  With capabilities such as this, it is inevitable for retail markets adapt to the Internet set-up, as a new marketplace and a new marketing tool, quickly.  Customer value has become the centre of all business models online.  Wang et al recognize however that not all e-businesses survive due to the turbulent and competitive nature of the Internet and the fact that studies regarding consumer behaviour must continue to be conducted. In such a turbulent and competitive arena, it has been a common goal for all firms and organizations into internet retailing for this matter to create and above all, maintain value for its customers, suppliers, and manufacturers.  The assurance of returning customers is what keeps internet retaining sites alive.  This is performed through shopping deals created through customer loyalty. The key for internet retailing to sustain itself in the market is to be convenient in the best of its ability and this will be performed once a firm is able to adapt to the customer’s many selective tastes best.  Not only will this allow them keep a competitive edge, this will allow its brand to emerge as a dominant web presence.  What’s unique with Internet retailing is how it does not limit itself to a certain industry.  Traditional retail stores, or the so-called brick and mortar type stores, are greatly limited by shelf spaces and cannot thus; attempt to cross sell newly released or related products (that would win consumers). Brick-and-mortar stores put the baby products in one place, health care in another, and vitamins for pregnancy in another area.  Therefore, everything is split up in the brick-and-mortar store, whereas with online solution retailing, all these items can be bundled together as a ‘new mother’ shelf (, 1996). The web’s flexibility allows it to cater to various other opportunities that will truly boost sales, serve to the customer’s further appeal, value and not to mention, loyalty, by giving them a wide variety of products to choose from in a one-stop shopping manner.  The customer’s preferences are thus even more customized to his/her personal liking.  Internet retailing brings cross-category selling opportunities, not just in grocery, but in sporting goods and everything else. In this regard, internet retailing can really be considered as one of the most powerful business approach to be considered if the company would want to be known in the global market. Given that internet has been a major and efficient tool for retailing, it is still important to determine how internet retailing impact non e-business industries in different aspects and determine what implications of internet to retailing are.    1.2 Research Question The key question that this dissertation will find to address is to know the impact of internet retailing to brick and mortar companies. Specifically, this paper attempts to answer the following queries: 1. What are the internet models available for industries? 1)     What is the impact of internet retailing in terms of providing value to the consumers or customer relationship management? 2)     What is the impact of internet retailing in line with the marketing contexts? 3)     What is the impact of internet retailing in terms of cost effectiveness? 4)     What is the impact of internet retailing in terms of international reach of the industry?     1.3 Aims and Objectives   In addressing the research questions, the researcher will be guide by the general aim to conduct a comprehensive analysis of internet retailing and how its presence impacts brick and mortar companies. The following specific objectives will be accomplished. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> To evaluate the techniques of internet retailing in the market environment?</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> To analyze internet retailing in terms of its effect on customer relationship management. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> To assess internet retailing impact to business industries in terms of cost effectiveness.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> To determine the impact of internet retailing in line with international reach of businesses. </li> </ul>   1.4 Significance of the Study                   This research will provide a big help to the students and researchers that is engaged to business and information technology sector. The possible findings of this paper will provide a significant impact when it comes to education, politics, business, and to the modern society since attempts to identify how the emergence of internet retailing affects business industries.  Basically, the partial gathering of information reveals that the use of internet retailing in business, particularly for the brick and mortar companies provides a significant role since IT is one of the great factor or tool to use for business promotions or advertisement. 1.5  Scope and Limitations This dissertation focused primarily in the investigation of the impact of internet retailing to brick and mortar industries. The study examined how the emergence of internet affects the retailing industries in terms of marketing, customer relationship management, cost effectiveness, and international reach. This research will cover the topics on the intensive differences among the business strategies or approach of these kinds of industries.  The discussion of this study will mainly focus on the analysis internet retailing. The information that will be gathered for this study will be derived from secondary resources since this will consider solely the qualitative approach of research.  The secondary sources of data will come from published articles from social science journals, theses, and related studies on internet retailing, internet retailing or e-marketing, information communication technology and business journals. Time will be the greatest limitation to this research, which may hinder long-term outcome objectives. Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic factors, are beyond the control of the researcher and can create many variables within the research. As this study will be utilizing a small sample of participants, the results may not effectively represent the general population.       1.6  Research Outline This study is divided into five chapters in order to provide clarity and coherence on determining the impact of internet retailing to brick and mortar industries. The first part of the dissertation will be discussing the problem uncovered by the researcher and provide ample background of the topic. The chapter shall constitute an introduction to the whole dissertation, and the statement of the problem in order to present the basis of the study. Moreover, the chapter shall also have a discussion on the scope of its study as well as the significance of the study to society in general. The second chapter shall be discussing the relevance of the study in the existing literature. It shall provide studies internet retailing, its advantages and disadvantages and also the companies that use internet retailing. After the presentation of the existing related literature, the researcher shall provide a synthesis of the whole chapter in relation to the study. The third part of the study shall be discussing the methods and procedures used in the study. The chapter shall comprise of the presentation of the utilized techniques for data collection and research methodology. Similarly, it shall also contain a discussion on the used techniques in data analysis as well as the tools used to acquire the said data. The fourth chapter shall be an analysis on the contents gathered through secondary research and qualitative research approach. This part will discuss the answers based on analysis, to the questions provided in Chapter 1. The last chapter shall comprise of three sections, the summary of the findings, the conclusions of the study, and the recommendations. With the three portions, the chapter shall be able to address the problem stated in the initial chapters of the study.   Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1   The concept of Internet The world today has long been characterized by modernization and technological advances. But before these comforts that we enjoy today, the world has first undergone multi-level changes. The society we are living in at present is very different three decades ago when the Internet is yet experienced. The introduction of the Internet has changed not just the lives of the people in their respective professions but also of the lives of the ordinary people. The history of the Internet is composed of gradual advances in the demands of the military intelligence in the United States. The Internet with the advent of internet retailing has provided major changes on the way business is done. Without the need for physical presence and sometimes only at the touch of a button, business transactions, financial trading and even customer service is being carried on (1998). The Internet has proven to provide efficient communication links between companies and their clients cutting down the resources spent on public relations. The use of internet in business industry has emerged for at least two crucial reasons. Firstly, it serves as a new alternative channel pf communication other than traditional branch network for customers to contact and communicate with the firms. Nowadays, more and more customers, especially younger ones who are quicker to accept new technology, are accessing remote channels-telephone marketing; computer transactions and other virtual transactions-to transact their business affairs. These on-line customers demand even more control over their personal finances and value “anytime, anyplace, any where” customized access to financial services (2001). There are varied definitions of internet but they all suggest in some way of the usage of electronic means to conduct business. Perhaps one of the most concrete definitions is given by   (2003) which states that internet retailing is either a free or paid exchange of information translated into goods and services using electronic means in any stage of the supply chain, be it within the organisation, between businesses, between businesses and consumers or even between the government and private sectors. Moreover,   (2003) specifically noted examples of the means of conducting internet retailing as the Internet, networks and other digital technologies. The word retailing in the term strengthens the definition that the concept is part of a range of activities wherein no direct payment involved within the supply chain. The supply chain expresses the distribution of goods, services and information flows between the players within or among the industries (  2003). An example of this is a furniture manufacturer where the supply chain involves parts, raw materials, or services supplied by other companies. If the manufacturer exercises total control and optimizes its supply chain, then it will reduce all transaction costs which will then turn into a competitive advantage for the company because it is at the core of the chain. Since internet retailing is a growing phenomenon in the business, many companies now feel that there is a need to have Internet presence even if not as a business format ( 1998). This can be attributed to the increase in customer perception that a lack of Internet presence represents obsolete business methods and this can lead the consumer to choose other products instead (2002). In addition to this, most purchasing decision may be based on the information provided by the websites whether or not the actual final transaction was done online. This trend has changed the way businesses considered the Internet. It wasn’t just an inexpensive way to reach new target markets because to complete the buying process, there is still the need for traditional advertising and promotions. Thus, the practice is to include the websites to give consumers the chance to access additional information for the product. In this perspective, the Internet gave new meaning to companies as a useful and effective method of disseminating information to aid in the buying process. However, internet retailing does not guarantee profit because despite its popularity, there are still others who do not buy into shopping online. An example of this is the decline of online purchases in 2000 because of the widely publicized Christmas delivery failures in 1999 ( 2001). With the uncertain dynamics of internet retailing, companies then need to formulate a business strategy which can easily adapt to these changes. There are many studies that have been conducted on the new innovation of online shopping. Because of the many researches and studies made on the growing number of online shoppers, companies are improving their online marketing strategies. There are reports that there are three reasons why this is happening. First is that the size of the market is growing from US 6 billion in 2000 to .2 trillion in 2004 (2000). This market will be dominated by consumers outside North America. Second, because there are only a few dominant online players, the marketplace is still an area for a big business opportunity. Lastly, the cost and maintenance of brick and mortar facilities are lower than the cost and maintenance of globalization costs of international web presence. 2.2   Advantages of Internet retailing It can be said that the use of the Internet is changing high-tech marketing overnight while different industries have been trying to use it as part of their marketing strategy. It has not only reconfigured the way different firms do business and the way the consumers buy goods and services, but it has also become an effective instrument in transforming the value chain from manufacturers to retailers to consumers, creating a new retail distribution channel (1999). According to  (1996) and  (1994), the web’s interactive nature or the ability of the user to receive and transmit messages leveled-up the communication dynamics of users as consumers of advertising messages since the Internet acts as a “many-to-many” channel of communication. As such, the Internet as the new communication medium transformed the conventional design and implementation of advertising campaigns along with its effects to consumers’ purchasing considerations and behaviors. Moreover, compared to other broadcasting media such as the television and the radio whose advertising messages are alternately programmed and delivered to the audiences, advertising messages in the Internet is integrated within the editorial content just like in the print media ( 1998). The Internet enables two-way communication in which the user can respond to the announcer or even diffuse a counter message and interact with other users in a form of peer-to-peer communication wherein the stimulus and the response can occur on the same medium distinctive from other forms of communication. Furthermore, the Internet allows a potential integration between information seeking and commercial transactions since a user can respond to a web-based advertisement, decide to buy the item, and then buy it within minutes resulting to a significant shortening of the decision process. Along with minute variations in the short-term reactions to the advertisement among users, Web advertisements can lead to sizable gains in purchase behavior (2003).   2.3   Disadvantages of Internet retailing With the advantages of Internet advertising come its drawbacks as well. Since the evaluation of the effectiveness of an advertising campaign concludes a successful marketing effort, the importance of accurate and valid assessment of advertising propaganda is highly important. However, in the case of Internet advertising, widely accepted measurement standards is still lacking despite efforts to quantify and qualify such initiatives. Net-count and I/PRO have proposed two means of assessing the effectiveness of Web ads using the server log file records which includes the (a) click-through rating and (b) advertising transfers. Click-through rates are the number of clicks on banner ads on a publisher’s Web page that result in the transfer of a surfer to the advertiser’s Web site. On the other hand, advertising transfers are the frequency of pages containing an advertiser’s advertising message downloaded to a surfer’s PC. These measures aim to assess the effectiveness of banner ads within the Web-based multimedia environment ( 1998). But according to (1997) the use of click-trough rates undervalues the Internet as an advertising medium along with other census-based measurement procedures. (1998) explained the Web advertisements appear in competition with the page content which makes it difficult to capture the users’ attention along with the findings that as the expertise of the Internet user in surfing the Website increases, the likelihood of seeing online banner ads diminishes. As such, the evaluation of the effectiveness of online ad campaigns shifted from more valid and reliable survey-based approach to census-based approach using cookie files. In line with this, MediaMetrix or Interactive have developed market-measurement methods based on a sample of home-based PCs in the United States (1997) that is capable for evaluating individual visitor behavior on the Web. But it was also found out that a potential limitation of online panel data leads to sampling bias due to the omission of work- and school-based PCs from their sample resulting to the problem of representativeness for the validity and reliability of data.  (2002) are currently developing performance measurement system to evaluate the effectiveness online advertising efforts.   2.4   Companies that Use Internet retailing       Every organisation wants to initiate a management system and strategy that could maintain the organization’s capability, strength and competitiveness. It is important that the management team and the organisation per se should always open their mind for changes that they might encounter in order to cope and adapt to the latest development that are happening within and outside their environment. Retail marketing works on the premise that direct sales is a potent force in attracting consumers because of personal interaction and negotiation. Further, the product is readily seen by the consumers thus, the urge to purchase a good and the probability that it will meet expectation of the customer are higher. However, retailing is not an easy process. Inherent are problems, issues and challenges that must be faced and solved in order to succeed in the competitive retailing world (, 1994). The concept of retailing is simply defined as the direct sale of commodities to consumers. However, to be able to succeed in this kind of venture, a considerable number of considerations must be identified. The tool that one uses to measure its success often defines the vision and strategy in retailing (, 2002). It is said that the net present value of the customer base should be at the top of the measurement hierarchy. Lifetime value is the net present value of the profit to be realized on the average new customer during a given number of years. (2002) suggested that one should get customers to give data, and build it into a database complete with purchase history. For a retailer, that means that one have to keep track of their spending. Moreover, he asserted that building a relationship with customers only works if the customer benefits from the relationship. The trick in retailing, therefore, is to find things that one can do for customers that will modify their behaviour in profitable ways. What the retailer provides to customers has to be something that they will appreciate and value, but which do not cost you too much. In retailing, the margins are often thin (, 2002).                The problem arises when retailers can’t adapt to the rapid changes of their environment. There is pressure in competition.  While it is being said that advancement on marketing operations and adapting to the current forms of retailing methods will drive you to ultimate success, however there are other factors that will block your way. It has been noted that the most ambiguous, accommodating and changeable, yet the most persistent and potent forces that control retail competition are custom, consumer expectations, and social pressure (, 1995). The market in a lot of ways limits what retailers can do.  There is a constant adjustment to customer needs and tastes.  The relationship between retailing and its environment is complex.  The ability of the small firms to successfully operate and compete its environment, could hinder their success against the market competitors in all areas. The importance of high quality services and products is consistently taken as a component of successful firms (Hofer & Sandberg, 1987).                The proper use of technology is really an advantage for every business, like in the case of Wal-Mart, known to be the world’s largest retailer.  Their techniques lie in their strategies to adapt new ways in order to sustain their growth.  Their use of modern technology is a big factor. Wal-Mart is the first one to utilize computer-based information systems.  This situation gives them the edge towards their competitors. They are one of the models who made it through the top because of their constant innovations (1999).             Competitors who are not apt to seek new ways are most likely being left behind. Another significant factor of technology integration consists of the development and use of database. A database proposes merchants a technique of maintaining clients with regular communications while working to congeal image and personality. It is stated by the           Centre for Retailing Studies at   that the average business loses 20 – 40% of their consumer base each year (2004)             Chapter 3: Research Design 3.1 Research Methodology                                                     Since this study would want to analyse the impact of internet retailing, this research can be considered as descriptive research (2002; 2003). It can be said that with the use of descriptive approach, the author will be able to have a clear image of the situation on which the researcher wishes to investigate ( 2003). Since the described document in this report is subjective in nature, this study is based solely on qualitative research approach. Qualitative approach allows a flexible and iterative strategy and this also permits investigation of essential issues and queries as they arise. Some scholars believed that qualitative approach are more able than the conventional approaches to express states of unfinished knowledge (1994). Qualitative simulation ensures to seek all plausible behaviours consistent with the knowledge in the model used in this study.             After the analysis of different choices, the author decided that case study would be the most suitable method for this study. According to (1999), case study is an umbrella of research method having a common goal of examining, evaluating and investigating certain phenomena. This approach was selected since it is particularly suitable for individual research as it gives the chance for in-depth analysis and observation of a given research issues within limited period (1999). Furthermore, the researcher also decides that the investigation that will be conducted will only use one case study to ensure that objectives are being met.   It has been mentioned that a single case study approach must be employed specifically when a certain theory needs to be assessed or refuted or if deep comprehension of a certain situation is needed to build a rich illustration of the issue.  Hence, single case study will be conducted in this study.   3.2 Data Collection In this research, a variety of data collecting approaches were utilised for the achievement of the purpose and objective of the study which includes observation, in-depth analysis, studying documents and group discussions. It was essential to utilise all these methods of data collection because of two significant reasons. First, it permitted the researcher to gather detailed information from different sources which were used for comparison and clarification of any ambiguities and lastly, this also helped in validating the information through triangulation and allowed it to be more correct and reliable (1984). 3.3  Data Processing                                                                             3.3.1       Locating the Secondary Data Used             As can be noted, determining the relevant secondary data that can be used in the study includes interlinked stages. For this, the first phase is determine if the data that the author is looking for are available as secondary documents, while the next phase is identifying the precise data or information which is relevant for the dissertation (2003).             For this research, the author was able to establish that the pertinent data needed for the fulfilment of this research’s objectives are available through the literature review previously conducted. Because of the review, the researcher was able to gather full references to the sources of the needed data.  After determining the availability of the data, the next step for the researcher was to locate them. As a result, the researcher had gone to several libraries within the researcher’s area of vicinity in order to locate the books, journals, and magazines that are needed. But more importantly, the researcher utilized the Internet. Through the Internet, the researcher was able to gather the websites of numerous organisations and institutions that have provided the pertinent secondary data needed. The keywords used for the search includes internet retailing, information communication technology, internet marketing. 3.1.8 Evaluating Secondary Data Sources (Validation of the Data) The utilisation of the secondary data is advantageous for the author since one can already assess the suitability of the data as it is already emerging, hence, much time can be saved. Needless to say, an evaluation of potential secondary data is very essential before on integrates it in the research. In this dissertation, the researcher used the three-stage process devised by ( 2003,). As mentioned above, the first state is evaluating the suitability of data to the research aims and questions. In this phase, the research paid specific attention to validity measurement, assessing whether the data gathered is valid to answer the research questions and objectives as well as coverage which include the assurance on whether or not the data gathered is wanted and can be integrated in the research and making sure that it sufficient data remain for the analysis to be undertaken once unwanted information have been excluded. The second phase is assessing precisely the suitability of the information for the analysis needed to answer the research objectives and questions. During this phase, the research assured that the data are valid and reliable by evaluating how it was previously gathered, which is the sources and others. In addition, the researcher of this paper was also cautious on not committing measurement bias. Lastly, the researcher judged whether the data should be considered on an evaluation of costs and benefits in line with alternative sources. Finally, the researcher judged whether to use data based on an assessment of costs and benefits in comparison with alternative sources.                 Chapter 4: Results Discussion and Presentation 4.1  Data presentation and analysis The proceeding section will present and discuss the results of the analysis of the secondary data used for this study. T Chapter 5: Conclusion 5.1 Summary 5.2  Conclusion and Implication of the Study 5.3  Future Development and Recommendations                                                           Appendix: Questionnaire Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Rapid growth of technological advancement in the society

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Background Outline The rapid growth of technological advancement in the society has brought people so mu...

Entrepreneurial Learning through peer net work on Sri Lanka

Proposal on Entrepreneurial Learning Through Peer Network     Research Overview The research will be focusing on peer networking in the context of entrepreneurial learning and the need to plan, execute as well as realize research approaches in weighing in primary and secondary research and the need to integrate resources of ideas, theories and evidences regarding peer network and entrepreneurial learning, the assimilation of research objectives and questions is essential for creating and organizing literature studies upon which the level of awareness is objective driven and provide causal link to such implications for practice and other domains. The presenting of background, problem statement, literature review, significance and methodology does assume successful research process complete with knowledge formation and genuine information, as to be presented in a planned manner. Research objectives For the research objectives, the following points need to be considered in order to have basis of questions deemed for literature undertaking <li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt"> To be able to provide understanding and detailed information about entrepreneurial learning and peer networking </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt">  To be able to review as well as synthesize relevant computer science and economics literature that relates to peer networks, </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt"> To raise ideal questions for researchers who are interested in realizing good entrepreneurial behavior of peer networks </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt"> To recognize different entrepreneurship learning in order to understand peer networks </li> Research questions An emerging body of research seeks to integrate entrepreneurship  into the study of peer networks. Significant questions to be addressed for this research will have to be the following: 1.       What does entrepreneurial learning is all about? Discuss its aspects/process 2.       How does peer networking be achieved in the assimilation of learning? What are some of the examples of peer networking that points to entrepreneurial spirit and idealism? Explain 3.       Why does entrepreneurial learning assume good grounds for realizing effective opportunities in such business? How does it function in peer networking? Provide indications 4.       How does research links to conceptual framework of entrepreneurial learning? How peer networks are adopted to achieve stable business drive? Literature overview For literature overview, it can be that “entrepreneurial learning is often described as a continuous process that facilitates the development of necessary knowledge for being effective in starting up and managing new ventures thus, starting point for studying the process of entrepreneurial learning could hence be to draw a distinction between the experience of entrepreneur and knowledge being acquired” (1994). Another, literature on entrepreneurial learning is the entrepreneurs’ amount of management experience. For example,  (1998) showed that entrepreneurs’ years of work experience increased their venture survival rates and reduced the likelihood of fresh venture failure. Moreover, considering that entrepreneurs often face uncertainty about the value of the goods and services that they plan to produce, it seems fair to assume that also industry-specific experience can have a strong influence on their development of entrepreneurial knowledge ( 2003; 2000). This implies that peer networking groups with prior experience in business industry often have better understanding of how to meet demand conditions in that marketplace, as industry experience provides information that others cannot gather it. Aside, it can be argued that entrepreneurs’ experiences can include various peer networking events, even if these networks are connected to the start up of innovative business are being related to experiences of fresh business venture (1985;  1985), and provide entrepreneur with inputs to develop entrepreneurial learning channels.   Research significance   The research significance can assume advances in theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurial learning by reviewing and synthesizing available research in conceptual framework that explains the process of entrepreneurial learning through peer networks, as the research will be utmost significant to fresh graduates who have the entrepreneurial spirit to start a business in collaboration with his/her peers or colleagues as well as to those neophyte business entrepreneurs who have the potential to keep business on a high note.         Research Methodology   The main research method for this study is the application of descriptive research upon which research sampling utilization is to be based in Sri Lanka. There is ample need to describe and apply certain model/framework that identify valuable components linking to entrepreneurial learning, onto peer networking experience, the effectiveness in recognizing and acting on entrepreneurial opportunities of newness to business. The need to integrate case studies regarding entrepreneurial learning through peer networking selecting samples of entrepreneurship sense in the Sri Lanka context and sample research, upon extensive efforts in investigating learning effects of entrepreneurs’ experience on peer networking to distinguish concept assumptions ( 2001;  1999).   Implications for Practice The review and synthesis of the literature suggest that entrepreneurship is primarily learned by experience and discovery, and that entrepreneurial learning should be conceived as lifelong process, where knowledge is continuously shaped as networking experience does take place ( 2000). Hence, the attempts in stimulating entrepreneurial activities through formal training and education are essential. There calls for further research on entrepreneurial learning in peer network realization upon developing useful field of study within entrepreneurship network domain to be known in the research approach.           Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Entrepreneurial Learning through peer net work on Sri Lanka

Proposal on Entrepreneurial Learning Through Peer Network Research Overview The research will be focusing on peer networking in t...

Effective strategic management for skilled based college

Effective Strategic Management For Skilled Based College   Introduction             Strategic managers today are exposed to numerous strategic analysis models and approaches. Although the breadth of models increased our understanding of the strategic management domain, most development of strategic analysis models has been based on period-specific managerial challenges and without integration of previously scholarly work leaving the field fragmented and provincial. We find it surprising that only a few strategic management scholars have explored the possibility that hybrid models— integrating conceptual strategic analysis models from a cross-section of approaches might enhance our understanding of the strategic environment. Such an integrative approach, free of paradigmatic constraints, allows us to bridge the gaps between competing strategic analysis models and provides an opportunity to develop a multi-perspective framework in which synergistic relationships between competing strategic analysis models can be explored.             Today, we see increasing changes in the evolution of management and business. As the new age dawns, the move towards the integration of techniques and methods from wide array of disciplines into meta-narratives and methodologies are overwhelmingly empower management strategic leaders for organizational change. In the heart of cross-disciplinary inquiry, practitioners and scholars from diverse fields of interests are working together in teams to design and fashion new, practical, sophisticated and more effective approaches to change. Yet such overture of the authors directly refers to the business context in which it is being implemented often than in any other kinds of institution. However, in whatever organization therein, management is inevitably important and attached to such is the strategies it invokes. In this study, we are dealing with the identification of an effective strategic management based on the object under investigation. Background             (2005) identify three important strategic management process to make it more effective that the normal or common notion of implementation. The process of analysis, decisions, and actions are three important factors in which central to strategic management. They say, “In practice, these three processes often referred to as strategy analysis, strategy formulation and strategy implementation which are highly interdependent.”  However, the concept may be originally found in business studies and fundamentally offered to corporate managers and strategic scholars, the concept can be borrowed in the context that it can be possibly utilized in support to uncover fundamental elements in development of skill-based college. Since there is a need to look into the effective pedagogies or pedagogic management for skill based college, it is important to note according to  (2005) that “One can find that there is a strong evidence on the paradigm shifts in education and pedagogy”. Further, for , education has been decomposed into curricula, grades, courses, subjects, schools, lectures, lessons, and exercises. Hence, the treatment over our conceptual understanding of formal education is taken partially according to mechanistic paradigm of educational process. Objectives             This study aims to present important and general description of possible effective strategic management based under the investigation of skill-based college. Moreover, other particular objectives ranges from underlining the importance of strategic management to the development and growth of a skilled-based College, identify the prevailing weaknesses and threats of such educational system, and present the importance of skilled-based College to the economic growth and development of a society. Through the use of proper strategic management in implementing and trying to shape a more effective educational system is significant; hence, it is considerably highlighted. Statement of the Problem             This study seeks to identify effective strategic management principles and practical methods based on studying a particular group and in using theories to support in answering the problem. Significance of the Study             It can be understood that various studies had made so far by prominent scholars, students, and academicians coming from different academic disciplines like business, psychology and other related discipline that has to do with management and strategic formation. Yet, little had made to contribute on the study of strategic management outside its natural structure and foundation which is business and management. This study is purposively to help the skilled-based College as a knowledge and academic institution to evaluate its management strategies to further develop effective and efficient managing skills of its students. Aside from contributing new insight and knowledge to the annals of academic knowledge, is its attempt to provide a most practical measures or methods for strategic management.             The believed that through studying particular group of individuals under the skilled-based training programs of a College, will identify elements that are effective to the implementation of strategic management. Hypotheses             There are at least three hypotheses in which the paper seeks to prove after the tedious and rigorous study. This study assumes its predicted results after finishing the program. One, knowledge inventory of students are important to evaluate and asses in relation to creating a more effective strategic management of the educational system. Second, the inherent skills found in each individual are the primary tools in helping the institution create a more conducive, knowledge and skill based programs. Third, a selective, critical and evaluative attitude towards a creation of skilled-based programs will help the institution managed the system strategically and productively. Alongside with the implementation and creation of programs designed for skilled-and-knowledge-based programs of a College, is the consideration of looking into the two former assumptions or hypotheses.     Methodology             Using Complexity Theory we can be able to acquire the proper residues for identifying the effective strategic management. Since, education system and its structural foundations is complex, hence it is inherently unpredictable. Moreover, although there are multiple numbers of theories in the field of strategic management, other theories like development of competence-based strategy theory and building dynamic, systematic, cognitive and holistic strategy theory can further help support the study.             Moreover, in using any management theories it should be relevant to note that a type of method should be identified. In this case, both qualitative and quantitative methods will be employed in this research and basic measurements and instruments will be used like survey, focus group, interviews, and observations. Meanwhile, selected skilled-based Colleges will be utilized and a standard number of respondents for focus group and survey will be identified.             The interviews will be run diversely by getting some key informants closely connected to the system, students, and experts of the same field. Meanwhile, the survey questionnaire will be semi-structured and unstructured. The selection of respondents in survey and focus group will be in random while interviews will be selected discriminately.         Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Effective strategic management for skilled based college

Effective Strategic Management For Skilled Based College Introduction Strategic managers today are exposed to numerous s...

ADHERENCE MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF HIV HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS LIVING IN INNER-CITY NEW YORK

Instructions to Editors First thing, I am doing a research to show that specific factors are associated with poor HAART adherence behaviors among African Americans. After receiving permission to conduct the study, I will need you to write chapters 4 and 5 of my dissertation. Before you do, using very recent articles, please add between 7 -10 more pages to the literature review section. The studies that you are reviewing must be journal articles of recent date and demonstrate distinct factors associated with African Americansâ€™ HAART adherence behaviors along the following lines: (a) Culture, Religion, and Ethnicity. (b) Literacy skills and educational level. (c) Patient-Provider Relationship. (d) Motivational Interventions (e) Socioeconomic factors. (f) Social Support, and (g) Drug use. The reviews should be well written and reflect a scholarly tone. Please cite their sources in text and in the reference page according to the 2007 revisions to the APA. Please remember to mention the doi number. I will need you to write chapter 4 and 5 of my dissertation using about tables, graphs, and narrative. I will send you the requirements later. Tell me how to send the completed questionnaire. What will be the cost to do Chapters 4 & 5 in about 30 more pages? Since you are going to do the data analysis, please review the instrument, methodology, and rewrite the scoring approach, as you consider appropriate. How much will it cost to do Chapters 4 and 5? Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

ADHERENCE MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF HIV HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS LIVING IN INNER-CITY NEW YORK

Instructions to Editors First thing, I am doing a research to show that specific factors are associated with poor HAART adherence behavior...

Dissertation Chapter 4-6 assignment essay instructions

Dear Writer,   Please help to prepare Chapter 4-6. Assumed we are completely to finish the Questionnaire and Surveys, the results will support to continuing to the Research Methodology and Design, conducting the Data collection, Analyse collected data, Prepare research results, Research findings, Conclusions and Future research directions. Also pls give me some example for the Appendix B – Interview schedule results of respondents. Thanks for your help.   Attached please find the Chapter 1-3 and Very important notes for your reference.         Message from my supervisor This is fine but make sure you include the following: RESEARCH DESIGN overview methodology  …your ideas RESULTS data collection and analysis Findings, primary issues …… EVALUATION evaluation and research findings evaluation and research methodology   Table of Contents Page   Chapter 1. The Problem and Its Background …………………………………………………….…………………….. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Background of the Study ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Evaluation of Encountered Previous Problems …………………………………………………………………………….. Research Questions and Null Hypothesis ………………………………………………………………………………….. Aims and Objectives ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Scope and Limitations of the Study ………………………………………………………………………..………………..   Chapter 2. Literature Review ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Definition of Information Technology ……………………………………………………………………………………….. IT in Action …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Hong Kong Information Technology Importance of Enterprise Management System for Managing IT assets in cross-border Companies ………………. Outsourcing of Information Technology …………………………………………………………………………………….. Chapter Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..   Chapter 3.  Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Research Design …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Research Method …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Respondents of the Study …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Research Instrument …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Data Analysis Procedures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Chapter Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….                 Chapter 4. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Benefits of Enterprise Management System for Managing IT assets in cross-border Companies ……………………. Consequences of using Enterprise Management System for Managing IT assets in cross-border Companies ……… Impact of Enterprise Management System for Managing IT assets in cross-border Companies ……………………… Synthesis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….   Chapter 5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations …………………………………………………………… Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Recommendations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..   Very Important Notes – Suggest Contents Chapter 1 to 6 Chapter Outlines Here are some suggested chapter heading and subheadings and they must be regarded as minimal of what we expect to find in your work   The whole project (excluding appendices) must not exceed 15,000 words, counting from the chapter 1 heading to the last page before the appendices begin.  The University does not suggest word counts for each chapter because they tend to vary enormously with the topic being covered so it has no value.   Caution These notes to help you rather as a sort of checklist, they are not to be used in is a careless manner as if you have no thinking ability of your own or want to take any short cut you can get.  We expect you to exercise high level thinking skills not just mindlessly copy what is written here.   Basic Chapters These are the usual chapters we expect to find for a whole project. You can add appendices as necessary but here I just show the ones which are almost always required.   Chapter 1 – Introduction and problem outline Chapter 2 – Literature Review Chapter 3 – Research Design Chapter 4 – Presentation of data and generation of results Chapter 5 – Evaluation of outcome and practice Chapter 6 – Conclusions and Generalizations   Appendices Project Specification and project schedule, Glossary, References list Bibliography   Other items that might be included in an appendix are: Inclusions (copies of relevant documents such as policies, invoice layouts, diagrams etc), Sample Questionnaires, Summary interview transcripts, Details Evaluation scripts, Requirement catalogues, summarised primary data sets, etc   Chapter 1 (Scene setting and outlining the basic Research elements) All the following must be covered although you do not have to use these sub-headings   1.1    Introduction 1.2    Presenting problem and its causes 1.3    Target 1.4    Overview of Primary Data 1.5    Research Approach, hypotheses 1.6     Planned Outcome and Actors 1.7    Strategic Business IT (Demonstrate that the outcome is/will lead to a strategic use of IT) 1.8    Scope and Scale 1.9    Ethical Overview 1.10  Research Question 1.11  Aim and Objectives 1.12  Summary and link to next chapter       Chapter 2 (Preparing for research by becoming a topic area expert) All the following must be covered although you do not have to use these particular sub-headings. Normally there are two major areas to be covered: the direct topic such as Real Estate and the Strategic Business  IT elements which in this case might be about supporting IT infrastructures or products for that industry.   2.1    Introduction to topic area 2.2    Originality Theme (Based on personal viewpoints/idea/Experiences etc) 2.3    Topic aspect 1 2.4    Topic aspect 2 2.5    Topic aspect ‘n’ etc (usually about 5 to 10 topic aspects are used) 2.6    Past Research in this area 2.7    Statistical Review (if necessary) 2.8    Summary and review conclusions   Keep in mind that this work must be thorough otherwise you will simply not have the necessary knowledge to decide what data to use or how to interpret that data when you get it. It should also be noted that this is about using primary sources such as Journals, government papers, manufacturer’s guidance notes and so on although books may also be included. Please do not use unreliable internet sources such a Wikipedia as that will be regarded by the University as a gross error and cannot be called serious academic preparation.   Chapter 3 (Research Design defining a process or model definition to get your intended outcome) This is a critical chapter, often done badly so careful work is needed if your design is to be credible.   Its KEY element (3.6) is the model or process you define to transform your primary data into your intended outcome; if this element is unclear or vague or missing you will not be able to pass the project. Do not fall into the mindless trap of thinking that just be saying “I will look at the primary data and ..” or “I will do a detailed and in-depth analysis of the data…” because such descriptions are so general and so vague that they are meaningless and worthless in explaining what exactly you will do to get to your intended outcome.   3.1 Introduction (focused on reminding your readers what your project outcome is supposed to be) 3.2 Discussion on Primary spotlight and Activity 3.3 Research Method selection and Justification 3.4 Primary data collection method and protocol 3.5 Ethical Review of Outline plan 3.6 Primary Data Pre-processing (define how you will organises and structure your raw data) 3.7 Post-Processing (to generate your defined outcome) 3.8 Closing remarks   You should be aware that section 3.4 will vary considerably in its detailed structure depending upon the research method chosen. Here are some typical sub-sections that might be found in most designs.   3.4.1 Detailed Discussion of Primary Data (based on you spotlight and activity) 3.4.2 Localisation (discussion of where the data might be located and how it might be accessed) 3.4.3 Primary Data Collection (discussion as to how the data can be reliably collected) 3.4.4 Data Presentation Methods (discussion as to how the raw data will be presented for processing)       Chapter 4 (Presentation of your primary data and generated outcome) In this chapter you display your primary data in charts or table or other suitable means and finally use your defined outcome processing. It is essential that we see the research design in use here; if the design cannot be seen to have been used you cannot pass the project.   4.1 Introductory Remarks 4.2 Presentation of pre-processed data (see design section 3.5) 4.3 Presentation of your outcome based on the post-processing process   Although this looks simple each section has to be accompanied by some explanations as to what all this data means. The KEY point is that you must demonstrate that your processing design was clear and unambiguous and that it was used carefully by you to deal with both processing stages. If the University cannot see that you used a reliable model or process to get your outcome then you cannot pass the project.   Chapter 5 (Evaluating your outcome and practice) This is a critical chapter as it shows whether you can look back at your work with a reflective and critical mind. It is very important to realise that evaluating the outcome is a paper exercise because it is done BEFORE the outcome is used whilst the practice evaluation is real because its represents serious reflection on the actual research activity. Here I only give an outline and further details can be found in the workbook; don’t ignore this, go and look that section up.   At this stage the evaluation is project specific; it’s about what you produced and how you produced it and as such it must not stray into conclusions (which is about generalisations of your results).   5.1 Introductory Remarks 5.2 Evaluation of outcome 5.3 Evaluation Practice 5.4 Overview   It is hard to be precise as to what might be covered in each section but the following is a typical way of dealing with the outcome but remember this is all done as a paper exercise by considering in defined ways your outcome and testing it BEFORE it us used. Please be careful here as these factors can look like they just need a yes/no answer but that is not the case you have to test your outcome and argue or make a case for it in each section.   5.2.1 Expected Outcome Functionality and Efficacy (will it do what is intended/needed) 5.2.2 Usability (is the outcome likely to be easy to use by its actors) 5.2.3 Standards (does the outcome fulfil the pertinent requirements of any standards-making bodies) 5.2.4 Expected Effects (does it affect mean changes in policy, process, structure or attitudes) 5.2.5 Systemically Desirable (will the outcome improve the whole problem setting in some way) 5.2.5 Culturally Feasible (will the outcome when used prove to be acceptable to those affected by it) 5.2.6 Ethicality (is the use of the outcome ethical, within accepted codes of practice and the law) 5.2.7 Elegant (is the outcome pleasing or more simply did you do a good job in producing the outcome).   Again It is hard to be precise as to what might be covered in each section but the following is a typical way of dealing with project practice but remember this is a real exercise as it was you who used the various techniques and methods to get the outcome. Please be careful here as these factors can look like they just need a yes/no answer but that is not the case you have to test your practice and argue or make a case in each section.   The MAIN activity here will focus on the model or method you used to generate your organised and structured data collection from the raw data and then a model or process to generate the outcome from the organised collection and how well they performed and were they really suitable. This is why if you don’t have a clear design for getting your outcome then this section will fail.   There are dozens of areas that might be covered but it’s not usually possible to comment on every single thing you did so it’s best to pick out the outliers or the main things that you leaned or what went wrong but here are several possibilities.   5.3.2 Literature Preparation (omissions, misunderstandings, sources reliable and current etc). 5.3.3 Primary Data Definition (did you define the data well, did you get good coverage, etc) 5.3.4 Choices Made (reflect on Research Method, Approach and Style, collection, sample size etc). 5.3.5 Collection Protocol (how did this go in practice, were selection criteria accurate, sample size etc) 5.3.6 Pre-Processing (was it easy, were your processing and data organisational idea right or wrong etc) 5.3.7 Outcome Processing (how easy was it to generate your Outcome etc) 5.3.8 Statistical Analysis (if used) 5.3.9 Experience (how did the research experiences/lack of it influence the results/quality of work) 5.3.10   Research Tools and Models (were all the various tools, models, processes useful etc). 5.3.11   Ethics and Anonymity (did your correctly identify all the ethical issues, unforeseen problems etc) 5.3.12   Administration (how well did planning go here, did I contact the right people, etc).   Chapter 6 (Conclusions and Generalisations) Chapter 5 was about evaluation and that was SPECIFIC to just your project, its data and its outcome. In conclusions you are trying to logically go beyond that and say what it means in the wider world.   The heart of the problem is how we can logically go from specific instances to reach general conclusions. How can we possibly know that what we have observed in our necessarily limited research on given objects and events be enough to enable us to figure out or derive their more general properties. That is, suppose you use your primary data to build a model of human/computer technology relationships. Well that is fine but that model was built using a tiny set from the possible data population so how logically can you get from there to making predication about its use in the wider world of you own company and elsewhere.   Before listing possible sub-sections it is very important that you understand that what you do here to obtain generalizations is almost totally dependent on a thorough literature review coupled with a carefully thought out and executed Research Design; without those you are simply too ignorant of the subject area to use your results and then write anything that might be interesting to read and certainly no way you will add to the general knowledge pool.   6. 1 Project Results overview (be careful here not to end up repeating what is in chapter 4) 6.2 Overview of practice and Lessons learned (don’t just repeat the evaluation section here, generalise) 6.3 Further Research 6.4 Generalisations 6.5 Summary   It is hard to be precise but the basic strategy is to use your topic area knowledge and then write a comment on it by referring to your results. So roughly speaking you might say formulaically “it has been generally agreed that X is a useful strategy to combat Y but based on the results presented here it seems that we also need to include some consideration of Z because….” Now PLEASE be aware this is just a hint as your work may be nothing to do with strategies but the idea or form here is often useful as a way of thinking an item through but be flexible and don’t be afraid to construct logically other ways to express your ideas and certainly notice the ‘because’ as without that you have no argument to present about your findings.   Possible areas to do this might be considered in the light of you topic area knowledge and you results:   New meanings, originality, implications, new/modified principles, limitations, new/modified theorisations, indications of best practice, lessons learned, indications of the need for further work, implication for law or standards, warning or cautions, advice, caveats, values, ethics, factors or features including cultural ones, usage and user psychology and other things that might occur to you.  So we might write:   6.4.1 Implication for X 6.4.2 Indications of Best Practice 6.4.3 Implication for Company Standards on Technology Acquisition 6.4.4 User Psychology Perspective on IT Etc Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Dissertation Chapter 4-6 assignment essay instructions

Dear Writer, Please help to prepare Chapter 4-6 . Assumed we are completely to finish the Questionnaire and Surveys, the results will...