The Relationship between Parental Bonding and Social Behavior among University Students


Literature Review


The concept of parental bonding is important in considering their contribution towards the student’s education. Through the use of the parental bonding instrument that was introduced and developed by Parker and his company in 1979, it allows the any parental contribution to be specific and quantified. The need to review emerged on the extant formulations of psychiatric and related disorders. While any number of parental characteristics could be assessed, the focus on refining and defining care and protection/control as the experts suggested became the principal dimensions of factor analytic preferences and held as underpin the interpersonal relationships. These areas are central to theoretical expositions about child development, and as “low care” and “overprotection” have been consistently nominate as disposing to onset of most bonding conditions (Parker, 1990).


While parents are identified to vary in specific manifestations of care and overprotection during the development of their child/children, the measurement of parent bonding assumes that there is some constancy in terms of level of care and overprotection. Generating the idea of care and protection may still reflect variations which will lead to the assessment of high care/low protection or optimal bonding; low care/high protection or affectionless control (Parker, 1990). The parental involvement in the children’s education is a globally accepted fact which represents an effective motivating factor for the children. The involvement of the parent in the education of their children might comprise the techniques to increase the relationship and success towards the education. Aside from the aid of the teachers, the parents are encouraged to positively influence their children in pursuance towards their success. The devotion of parents in supporting their children can definitely increase the relationship between the parents and their children (Eder, 2006).   


In terms of the education, it is the responsibility of the parents to provide the education on their children. However, the socio-economic status of the family plays an important in the educational level of the children. This means that rich or wealthy family up to the middle-class family can provide the continuous education for their children – from primary to tertiary school. On the other hand, the average family up to the considered poor family has a limitation in responding to the literacy needs of their children (Schiller, Khmelkov, & Wang, 2002). It is explained to the recognizable inconsistency and big years in gap in education. Still, sending their children in schools are the priorities of the parents as part of the fundamentals of civilization. The country, in holistic view, is in the pursuance of three objectives: poverty alleviation, social equity, and sustainable economic growth. Both the parents and government believe that with the help of education, poverty can be reduced, the divided societies will be equal in rights and treatment, and the economy can be robust because of the increase in opportunities. The country manifested as a human capital that are essential in the countries under the capitalism. And with the help of education, there is a significant result in human development. As an assessment of the educators, sociologists, and even clinicians, the influence of parents draws an effect on the behavior, literacy level, and overall development of the child. It is because of the significant parental care in the family; the parent can participate in the education of the children, influence them, and even manipulate their children or creating the decision on which the parents are right and appropriate for their children. However, this type of autonomy of the parents over their children has positive and negative effects.      


Furthermore, it is argued that both parents and teachers agreed that the academic discipline in some countries is not enough to sustain the quality of education. This sensitive issue is valued by the government and it is so happen that the idea of quality education is established as a way to eliminate the bad trend in the country. The use of the universal language is an effective tool to help the student build their own competencies and to help them in the future to communicate. It is a great advantage for a student if he learns to speak many languages and the only hidden reason in this type of skills is the contribution of the parents or teachers. Traditionally, teachers guide their students through the multiple intelligence and the parents fosters the development by supervising their progress (Chen, 2005). Together, the parents and teachers can help achieve the level of quality of education for their students.


References:


Chen, S., (2005) Cooperative Learning, Multiple Intelligences and Proficiency:  Application in College Language and Learning [Online] Available at: http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp120.25102006/02whole.pdf [Accessed 24 February 2011]


Eder, J.F., (2006) Gender Relations and Household Economic Planning in the Rural Philippines, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 37(3)


Parker, G., (1990) The Parental Bonding Instrument: A decade of Research, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25: 281-282


Schiller, K.S., Khmelkov, V.T., & Wang, X-Q., (2002) Economic Development and the Effects of Family Characteristics on Mathematics Achievement, Journal of Marriage and Family, 64 


 



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