The Public Health Perspective of Sanitation in Schools


Persistent problems challenge sanitation conditions and hygiene solutions in a global scale stressed with severe conditions that show neglect to a substantial degree in particular regions. These problems centralize on the lack of adequate and clean water supply, handwashing facilities and waste management systems consequently hover concern on achieving human hygiene standards critical to public health (Adams et al., 2009, p.3). Demographics conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) show high concentration levels found in Central Asia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa (United Nations University, n.d., p.11). The concurrent harsh situation impacts children as the most vulnerable surrounding shortage of sanitation systems that displace their health and future at high risk into large scale effects from a child’s cognitive and physical development. Extensive studies support the facts during international policy discussion levels at the United Nations Millennium Development Goals which emphasize the lack of priority among national policy makers to address these issues through respective legislative reforms (Adams, et al., 2009, p.3).Without prompt and intensive promulgation and coordination to the policy levels, and monitor to enforce discipline among local and national level organizations who delegate its enforcement, the risk to spur diseases and consequent high rates of child mortality result in a pandemic scale. The success attribute to implement these programs central to these aims will depend on a central cohesive system and synergies linked to international, national and local legal and social systems that bear on vital financial, economic and social resources available (Adams et al., 2009,p. 15).


The following tenets illustrate as critical building blocks to engineer policies and programs in international, national, state and local levels focused on economic, social and political perspectives to ensure a proper check and balance system to ensure a risk free sanitation environment.


Formation and Implementation of Water and Sewerage Operation Partnerships.  National, state and local institutional actors with the mutual aid nongovernmental organizations extend should define specific goals for a progressive planning development structure to provide adequate and clean water supply and waste disposal management programs appropriate to fit urban and rural area conditions within realistic timetables to meet in the shortest yet qualitative time possible to meet community needs on a timely manner. To implement nation, state and local wide campaigns to collaborate and restructure detailed programs into a modernization mode require developing ties with private sector firms through a mergers and acquisition approach who are likely capable to provide financial, management and governance strategies. Critical to the proper usage these utilities serve bear on the role linked to nongovernmental and community based organizations in developing highly structured educational programs for children and adults alike or their parents who guide how to transform from mere usage into lifelong skills critical to maintain highest hygiene standards (Adams et al, 2009, pp. 15-20).


To implement a demographics-based approach to meet strategically the quantity of toilets. The use of statistical data on a certain quantity of people per unit of toilet and faucets for hygienic purposes used will serve as a measuring tool to determine at sheer levels and manage funds efficiently during the reconstruction development stage in scant resource areas. This approach is determined effective in rural settings in particular in adequately meeting basic needs while financial constraints persist for the temporary being.  Along with these settings should be coterminous to define on a continuous basis to enlarge the scope of specific targets at tolerable levels within sheer limits of constraints. National and international standards should formulate specific formulas for policymaking purposes. This way this could assure that legal aspects are met aside to optimize their usage and tangible profitability at least costs to maintain basic and healthy conditions schools require based on formulated standards (Adams et al., 2009, p. 21).


Implement and optimize alternative technologies and financial resources critical to long term maintenance. To avail long term financing is a critical element to mobilize maintenance needs and to the continuous operation of critical infrastructures like water supplies and waste management systems. The World Bank, the IMF and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency as forefront agencies should collaborate with international banking institutions to extend reasonable financial credit relations and underwrite insurance based programs should default in due time occur. While maintenance costs are incessant, technology innovations need to infuse into current water supply and waste management systems to boost utmost efficiency in financial spending concurrent to research and development pursuits. Tested technologies should fit current needs to be encouraged in the area for adoption customized to existing conditions and introduced to varying level. In turn free community based programs require to formulate common  language and technical terms to a layman term parlance manifest in  such structures in the vernacular in order to educate the public for staff and parental training.



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