Female Nurses Performing Urinary Cathetherization for Male Patient


 


 


Introduction and Discussions


 


            Amiably, in the healthcare setting, the role of female nurses and nurses in general asserts an integral part of the professional nursing practice and unconditional care giving has to be seen and evident in every care areas and units and that in every care performance lies proper conduct, attitude and behavior of care team and management and nurses assume great power and responsible. For this essay, the need to understand investigations and studies manifested based on informative details as well as academic context is a must. Urinary Catheterization imposes a lot of pressing issues nowadays as it there assumes a sort of controversy speaking towards male catheterization performed by female nurses (Pomfret, 1999).


            The more essential discussion here would rely on several ethical guidelines of assuming care of the situation as nursing practice embrace good points of professionalism and services. Accepting the fact that nurses role have to be no limitations but the underlying truth here should be and must be put in proper consideration and context standards management. There is ample need to understand first what urinary catheterization is about from within male patients and some factual knowledge of it and recognizing female nurses role and performance into male catheterization supported by in-depth research evidence and literature studies from within academic views of several authors and proponents having wide understanding of the topic in focus. (Barrett, A. Latham, D. and Levermore, 2007) 


            According to Pomfret (2000, p. 6), ‘urinary catheterization is a common procedure for both hospital and community patients, nurses make many of the decisions with regards to the catheter selection and subsequent catheter care’. Thus, better decision formation implies a vital function for instance, such as in determining what type of catheterization to make within certain basis that is informed. Thus, there may lead to certain choosing of optimum catheter material and size that emphasizes to precise catheter care. Without proper attention and management and possibly outcomes into what Pomfret (2000 p. 8) supports and believes as ‘Encrustation’ which outcomes into a problem for some catheterized patients and nurses that were often involved in trying to prevent or treat presence of it as being discussed.


 


            Arguably, I do agree that there should be no reason why female nurses should not perform male catheterisation although in my work environment it is not allowed that male catheterization is performed by a female nurse as there provides that qualifications are overly uploading and the fact that female nurses whatever the care setting is about she is always accountable for her actions, considers herself to be competent. Aside, agreeing to the statement given by nurse Minerva that, a nurse is under a “duty of care” (http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/catheter.htm) and must always act in the best interest of the patients whom she is responsible for. Ideally, if being established that male patient requires catheterisation and providing the female nurse responsible is qualified and achieved competency, the female nurse would be expected to carry the procedure out and then put appropriate record details into the nursing requirements. (Doherty, 1999) Furthermore, in any points of circumstances whereupon a female nurse might be prevented from performing male catheterisation: Where an employing authority has made a statement which forbids female nurses to perform male catheterisation.


 


            Aside from the specific criteria it is difficult to imagine the grounds upon which a female nurse might refuse to carry out such a procedure. Clearly though if a suitably qualified and competent male nurse where available it would not be unreasonable to assume that he would be willing deputize for the female nurse. Indeed, author Easton (1997) as cited by one known author, Pomfret (1999) indicated that, “female nurses performing male catheterisation has promoted improved patient care. It means that male patients can receive the same prompt attention as a female patient when urinary catheterisation is required” (http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/catheter.htm). For precise nursing care, performing male catheterization by female nurses adopts a drive of good “interpersonal process” (http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/catheter.htm) as taken that particular nursing skills and or procedures being used have to modify deepness of professionalism into nursing service with no specific grounds from within the noted effect of nursing values and performance from the ethical standards known during medical and professional communication in healthcare within male patients who are subject  for catheterization and that nursing interpersonal skills have to be in learning and ideally imposes paradigm and service spontaneity with decency and dedication to service thus, to become modified and refine with good nursing values charged to finite experience. Aside, if being put into stereotyping factor and strictly particular nursing functions, the range of responding care and catheterization reality from range of effectors as it is a particular that nursing principles and guidelines have to be handled properly as for example, several female nurses who by nature of the work setting will amicably acquire proof of experience success before performing urinary catheterization and that biases to patient should not be in black and white at all times.


 


            The importance of the nurse care responsibility provides desirability to notably appreciate that nurse roles varies remarkably in their humanitarian attitude and behavior and if put in a situation wherein male catheterization would take place, still best performance to giving care have to be seen with professional touch. However, knowledge of catheterization knowledge is essential and fundamental into realizing good points of the nursing practice. Aside, if there is application of the Roper Logan and Tierney model of nursing care to certain case of male patient that does require catheter care, the presuming aim will be to provide individualized care and to take into account the degree to which the problems of nursing care affect activities of daily living and good facets of effective ways of care will be obtained of how the person feels towards the need for a urinary catheter and what they perceive as positive benefits or negative effects.


 


 


            The assessment process plays a role as to whether the person is taking responsibility for their own catheter care in the way of maintaining personal hygiene, emptying the drainage bag, and checking for signs of infection. The specific areas of the Roper Logan and Tierney Model of Nursing(http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/catheter.htm) that catheter-care skills can be linked to are: communicating, eliminating, expressing sexuality and maintaining better and safe environment. Assessing an individual’s needs involves gaining subjective impressions and gathering objective evidence and that communication medium gives relevance and it cannot be just a simple type of question of the nurse assessing the male patient thinking if she will perform the urinary catheterization or not.


            Moreover, professional nursing practice have to be flexible at all times and there can be cases that codes of conduct are not followed due to some uncontrolled situations such as accidents and emergency cases thus, upon points of experience there has to be no excuse by female nurses in providing direct and immediate care to male patients needing urinary catheters just because they are male patients, no gender issues have to be involved. The nursing care boundaries are only alarming if there goes beyond putting up urinary catheters performed by female nurses as for one, sexual motives can happen but although not a major one still, male catheterization by women nurses plays a lot of controversial aspects mostly in codes of ethical standards.  Another proponent Shallcross (2000, p. 81) emphasized that, even though the incidence of long-term catheterization has declined in recent years, catheterized patients still require care to be provided by competent practitioners, regardless of their gender. Custom and tradition decreed that male catheterization was carried out by male nurses and doctors. He further mentioned that, certain myth can perpetuate the notion that it is inappropriate for a female nurse to catheterize a male patient. However, the advent of the autonomous practitioner and a move from extended to an expanded role provides an opportunity for improved care of the catheterized male patient, particularly in the community where female practitioners greatly outnumber their male counterparts. (Shallcross, 2000 p. 81)  Consequently, Porter-Jone (1998, p.757) conducted a small-scale questionnaire survey of nurses in one Welsh district general hospital examined the views of nurses in relation to catheterization of male patients. Research findings demonstrate that while most nurses agree that it is acceptable for females to catheterize male patients, most female nurses do not undertake the procedure as they incorrectly believe there are either local or national policies that prevent patients from being catheterized by nurses of the other gender type. Peter-Jone (1998, p. 757) also commented that, there often outcomes in patients waiting longer than necessary to be catheterized and nurses from other clinical areas being requested to catheterize a patient for whom they are not caring and some of the beliefs and practices stifle the development of knowledge on the underlying issue. For instance, everyday pressures within the nursing care unit/department, along with several stress of resuscitation can amiably outcome into inappropriately nursing staff undertaking the male catheterization procedure. It can be that prevention of such infection is with paramount importance and there is increasing number of information crucial to formulating procedures and informing every day practice. There is no doubt that urinary catheterization is not without complications and can be associated with significant morbidity and some involving issues leading to mortality. (Doherty, 2006; van Achterberg T. et al, 2008)


 


            According to Hampton (2005, p. 376), ’male catheterization has been the domain of the doctor and male nurse but, in modern health care, it is seen as skill that should be part of nurses’ education, regardless of gender as the process improves the speed of care for the male patient requiring catheterization and increases quality of care. Further, he noted that, the female nurse may find difficulty in asking questions about the patient’s sexual health, which should be included in the assessment, and therefore this subject should be included in the nurse’s education. (Hampton, 2005 p. 376) The issue of gender and whether female nurses should catheterize male patients may then affect some of the vulnerable groups of patients. Thus, acquiring the psychomotor skills of inserting a urethral catheter is only one part of preparation for practice. It should be present in professional nursing care that, the nurses must know when and when not to resort to catheterization and that choosing the type and size of catheter requires careful judgment and that, series of nursing care variances related to the procedure of catheterizing male patients stimulated an evidence-based practice project as Daneshgari, Krugman, Bahn and Lee (2002, p. 236), indicated that current nursing knowledge may be inadequate on the situation.


 


Conclusion


            The paper does help in providing comprehensive account of research done in support to the focused topic from within various studies as it is imperative to integrate enough amount of understanding female nurses performing urinary catheterization among male patients and that topic links catheterization and nurses performance within code of ethics. One example point assumes utilization of research, there is sort of descriptive research and small survey inclusion. For female nurses doing the procedure, the known arguments into the nature of ethical knowledge recognized by successful integration and how some of the nursing articles/journals should be used as basis into the whole scene as it is quite possible to judge these nurses if being too preoccupied to avoid possible events of male catheterization by means of modern ethical consideration and criteria as it has to be sequential to take good practice of the health care nursing. There assumes learning that female nurses must use critical thinking skills in the nursing care, regardless of actual care such as each patient situation being viewed as dynamic and significant to catheterization process in lieu to organized plan of action. Furthermore, there can be clear discussions in nursing literature through studies pointing as to how qualitative research can be made as rigorous as it is relevant to the perspective and goals of nursing. There is no existing evidence that empirically illustrates how male catheterization affects female nurses in terms of performing the care with good emphasis on improving care to patients without biases and misjudgment. Therefore, it is then, imperative to carefully investigate aspects of ethical standards to actual nursing care and practice in relation to catheterization issues and the need to move beyond policies and guidelines. The female nurses who performed the urinary catheterization in male patients are being put under pressure due to certain emergence of controversies.  Indeed, urinary catheterization is an obligation of nurses regardless of his/her gender status and that nursing care appraisal is needed to impose more considerable research for promoting systematic cycle of the situation and proponents do provide awareness of ample study structure into nursing care for catheterization in males as performed by female nurses.


 


 


REFERENCE


Barrett, A. Latham, D. and Levermore, J. (2007), Part 2: Defining the unique role of the specialist district nurse practitioner. Br J Community Nurs.  2007; 12(11):522-6 


Daneshgari, F. Krugman, M. Bahn, A. and Lee, R. (2002), Evidence-based multidisciplinary practice: improving the safety and standards of male bladder catheterization. Medsurg Nurs.  2002; 11(5):236-41, 246


Doherty, W. (2006), Male urinary catheterisation. Nurs Stand.  2006; 20(35):57-63; quiz 64


Doherty W. (1999), Indications for and principles of intermittent self-catheterization. Br J Nurs.  1999; 8(2):73-6, 78, 80 passim 


Easton, S. (1997), A Quick Reference to Male Catheterisation. London: RCN Publishing.


Hampton, S. (2005), A guide to male catheterization and sexuality and quality of life. Br J Nurs.  2005; 14(7):376, 378-9 


Nurse Minerva. Available online at:


<http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/catheter.htm>


Pomfret, I. (1999), Female nurses and male catheterisation. Nursing Times, 95(6), 59-60 (Feb 10th).


Pomfret, I. (2000), Urinary catheters: selection, management and prevention of infection British Journal of Community Nursing, Vol. 5, Iss. 1, 14 Feb 2000, pp 6 – 13


Pomfret, I.  (2000), Male catheterisation and the female nurse: still a controversy. Community Nurse.  2000; 6(5):23-4 (ISSN: 1351-1416) Chorley & South Ribble NHS Trust, Lancashire


Porter-Jone, G. (1998), Male catheterization by female nurses: a small-scale survey (81kb) British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 7, Iss. 13, 23 Jul 1998, pp 757 – 764


Shallcross, P. (2000), Male catheterization and the extended role of the female nurse (64kb) British Journal of Community Nursing, Vol. 5, Iss. 2, 13 Mar 2000, pp 81 – 85


van Achterberg T; Holleman G; Cobussen-Boekhorst H; Arts R; Heesakkers J (2008), Adherence to clean intermittent self-catheterization procedures: determinants explored. J Clin Nurs.  2008; 17(3):394-402 



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