Text 1 (1) & (2)
Text 1
Facing fists of fury, police aren’t ruling out the heavy hand by
…
The Korean farmers and unionists did not use diversionary tactics as they had on Tuesday / when 100 protesters jumped into Victoria Harbour just before others rushed the police line.
Following yesterday’s march through Wan Chai, / (1) police moved quickly to separate the hardline Koreans at the front of the march from the main body. (2) They prevented the larger group from entering the cargo handling area in Wan Chai, stalling them in Marsh Road, while stopping the Koreans’ progress towards the Convention and Exhibition Centre.
(3) The Korean group prepared for the impending clashes by covering their mouths with scarves and handkerchiefs and stretching cling film over their eyes to shield against pepper spray.
Hundreds of police were already in place with full-body plastic shields, / creating an impenetrable human wall across Hung Hing Road. The previous day, / riot police had stayed out of view / as the marchers entered the protest zone, / running to block the road only as the protesters left the demonstration area / and tried to march on the Convention Centre.
Some (4) 9,000 officers are on duty to deal with crowd control, traffic and security during the WTO conference. Exactly how many Police Tactical Unit officers – the riot police – are on hand / specifically to control the protesters has not been revealed.
The Koreans, reacting with military precision to the orders of demonstration leaders, / tried repeatedly to push back the police, but seemed unsurprised and unperturbed when they made little progress.
However, they managed to seize up to 15 shields from police, / which they returned to the officers once they abandoned their protest.
Mr Ma said: ‘Our defences were not affected by the snatching of the shields. Our strategy is effective.’
, 15 December 2005
Text 1 (3)(i)
Material Process
Agent
Goal
Transitivity
Agentive de-emphasis
(1) Actor Role
Police
separate hard line Koreans from main body
move quickly
hardline Koreans
(2) Goal Role
Police
prevent protesters from entering the cargo handling area
stall
Korean protesters
(3) Goal Role
Korean Group
prepare for impending clashes
prepare
Police Tactical Unit preparations
(4) Actor Role
Police
deal with crowd control, traffic and security
go on duty
protesters Attending the march
In Text 1, there were four material processes identified. Two of the clauses were aligned with the actor role and the remaining two clauses adhered to the goal role. In the material process clauses, the agent is either the police or the Korean group; the goal is either for the police to stop the Korean protesters or for the Korean group to break through to their target area of protest; and the transitivity processes involved the moving quickly, going on duty, or stalling for the police group and preparing for the Korean group. The material clauses identified as adhering to the actor rule because of the consideration because the sentence construction primarily expresses the agent as the doer of something while the material clause classified under goal role was identified as such because the sentence construction primarily focuses on the action being done by the agent.
Text 1 (3) (ii)
Koreans as Actors
Police as Goal
Police as Actors
Koreans as Goal
Protesters as Actors
WTO as Goal
WTO as Actors
Protesting Farmers as Goal
In Text 1, two possible formulations could contribute to agent de-emphasis. One is the transmutation of the Korean protesters and the Hong Kong police as agents or actors in the sentence. In the text, the Hong Kong police force could comprise the actors such as in going on duty, stalling the protesters or moving quickly to barricade or separate the Korean group from the bigger group of protesters while the Korean protesters could become the actors by preparing for the clash with police officers and marching in protest.
Text 2 (1) & (2)
Text 2
Why the Korean protesters are so determined
Dear Editor,
Hong Kong people are justly proud of our peaceful marches. / Fortunately, we are not marching for survival, / needing rice on the table or clothes for our children. We march for democracy, / but we will still have our jobs tomorrow. Hong Kong does not have much reason to be ‘militant’.
(1) So it is no surprise that Hong Kong is panicking about the aggression of some protesters against the World Trade Organisation, /especially among the South Korean farmers. We are not used to seeing such scenes in Wan Chai, / except when American or British sailors are in town. But, and this is odd, / if you have spent any time in South Korea, / you will know that its people are not by nature aggressive. The streets at night are as safe as those in Hong Kong. There is no vandalism, / hostility at sports events is unheard of, / and gun and drug-related crime are virtually non-existent. South Korea has never invaded or colonised another country.
So why are the South Koreans here / in such numbers and determined to derail the WTO talks? How has this peaceful nation produced farmers / intent on disrupting the conference? After all, South Korea was a battleground for the superpowers in the 1950s, / after being torn apart by US foreign policy at the end of the second world war. And it was brutalised by Japan from 1910 to 1945. Then, from the 1950s until the 1990s, it had US-backed military regimes.
Does this not tell pro-WTO people in Hong Kong / that the organisation might bring cheer to the suited men in the boardrooms of the world’s larger corporations, / but has so far offered little hope to the poorer inhabitants of the Earth? (2) People fight back when cornered, / and (3) the South Koreans marching this week fear they have nothing to lose.
, 16 December 2005
Text 2 (3) (i)
Material Process
Agent
Goal
Transitivity
Agentive de-emphasis
(1) Actor Role
Hong Kong
reaction to impending effects of the marches and protests
panic
protesters
(2) Actor Role
People
freedom from being cornered
fight
WTO, police
(3) Actor Role
South Koreans
protest WTO
march
WTO, police
In Text 2, three material process clauses were identified, all of which fall under the actor role. This is because the construction of the sentences emphasise the actions committed by the actors for a particular purposes. There are different actors in the material clauses, including Hong Kong as an inanimate actor or agent, South Koreans as the animate actors, and people—that could refer to people in general or to the South Korean group— as animate actors.
Unlike the previous text, the goals or purposes were implied by the meaning derived from the sentence instead of being expressly stated by the sentences. In the material clause ‘People fight back when cornered’, the agent are ‘people’—used to refer to people as a means of generalisation and the South Koreans as a group of people when read in the context of the whole text—, the transitive verb used is fight back to indicate the action relating the actor to the goal, and the goal is to be free from the state of being cornered, which if understood in the context of the text refers to the lack of options of South Korean farmers due to the actions of WTO.
Text 2 (3) (ii)
Koreans as Actors
Police as Goal
Police as Actors
Koreans as Goal
Koreans as Actors
WTO as Goal
WTO as Actor
Koreans as Goal
People as Actor
WTO as Goal
WTO as Actor
People as Goal
People as Actor
Police as Goal
Police as Actors
People as Goal
Hong Kong as Actor
Protesters as Goal
Protesters as Actors
Hong Kong as Goal
In Text 2, there are many ways to formulate the agent-goal structure of the sentence in order to achieve agent de-emphasis. First is by considering the Korean protesters as actors in the text with the goal of either affecting the police officers or the World Trade Organisation but the Hong Kong police or the WTO could also be considered as agents affecting the Korean protesters with the WTO action as the catalyst for the protest and the police officers action as affecting the preparation and protest activities of the Korean protesters. Second is by considering the people in general or referring to the whole group of protesters as the actors affecting the World Trade Organisation or the Hong Kong police but by changing the sentence structure WTO or the Hong Kong police could become the agents affecting the actions of the people or the outcome of events involving the people. Third is by using Hong Kong as the inanimate actor in the sentence, with its actions— of hosting the WTO conference and panicking amidst impending protests—affecting the protesters but the protesters could also become agents that affect Hong Kong by creating fear of what could be the outcome of the protests. These changes determine shifts on who did what and why certain actions were committed.
Text 3 (1) (2)
Text 3
Fury on the streets turns to gloom by
…
After a night of the fiercest violence Hong Kong has seen for decades, / (1) police rounded up more than 900 protesters – mostly Korean farmers – and brought armoured cars on to the streets outside the convention centre in a show of force aimed at deterring further attempts to breach their lines.
It proved unnecessary. / A march by 5,000 to 7,000 protesters passed off peacefully. As has been the case for the entire week of protests, / (2) all the attention was on the Koreans, who have stirred up a mixture of resentment and grudging respect among locals for their aggression, determination and strategic nous. / On Saturday night,this 1,000-strong group mounted repeated assaults on police lines, which they breached with steel bars, wooden poles and battering rams made from crowd barriers.
Security forces fought back with tear-gas, truncheons and high-pressure hoses. / Hong Kong officials said 135 people, including 61 police, had been injured in the clashes. / One Korean man remains in a critical condition. / Hong Kong’s chief executive, Donald Tsang, said those responsible for assaults on police would be prosecuted within 48 hours. / José Bové, the fiery French farmer who was involved in the anti-WTO riots in Seattle six years ago, called on the authorities to release those being held. ‘/ They aren’t terrorists or criminals. / They are farmers and workers asking for rights,’ he said. / ‘We’re not allowed to talk to delegates about rice, about cotton, about anything. / That’s why we’re so angry. / That’s why we resist globalisation.’
(3) Many of the marchers yesterday held placards calling for the farmers to be freed. / (4) One group of about 20 local students began a hunger strike outside a detention centre, demanding the prisoners’ release.
Yesterday’s march, which included local migrant workers and prostitutes, was a colourful but low-key affair. / The 100 or so Koreans in the crowd were downbeat over the summit’s outcome. / ‘We’ve no future,’ said Kim You-jong, whose arm was in a sling after the previous night’s battle. / ‘The WTO has ruined our lives.’
, , 19 December 2005
Text 3 (3) (i)
Material Process
Agent
Goal
Transitivity
Agentive de-emphasis
(1) Actor Role
Police
show force
round up protesters
Protesters including Korean farmers
(2) Goal Role
Koreans
gain attention
Stirred up resentment and grudge
Police and local residents
(3) Actor Role
Marchers
Gain freedom of farmers
Held placards
Police
(4) Actor Role
Local Students
Release of imprisoned farmers
Held a hunger strike
Police
In Text 3, there are four material process clauses identified. One clause expresses the goal role while the remaining three clauses utilise the actor role. These classifications were based on the focus of the sentence structure so focus on the actor doing something meant actor role while something being done by the actor meant goal role.
Similar to Text 2, the object of the actors in doing something or the actions of the actors were implied in some of the sentences. In the third and fourth material process clauses, the intended recipients of the action are implied. In the third sentence, the purpose of the protesters in holding the placards were to urge the police to release the imprisoned farmers while in the fourth sentence the impact of the hunger strike was to address the police to release the imprisoned officers. However, this was only implied by the text and not expressly mentioned in the sentences
Text 3 (3) (ii)
Protesters as Actors
Police as Goal
Police as Actor
Protesters as Goal
Koreans as Actors
Police as Goal
Police as Actor
Koreans as Goal
Koreans as Actors
Locals as Goal
Locals as Actors
Korean as Goal
Marchers as Actors
Police as Goal
Police as Actors
People as Goal
Local Students as Actors
Police as Goal
Police as Actors
Local Students as Goal
In Text 3, there are four possible ways of structuring the clauses or sentences in order to draw emphasis from the agent to actor. One is by shifting focus from the protesters as actors to the police as actors so that the actor-goal position shifts accordingly indicating a different meaning. Another way is by transferring the focus of the sentence from the Koreans as actors to the police or locals as actors. Still another way is by making the police as actors instead of the marchers or local students. These changes could either make the parties active or passive players or protagonists and antagonists depending upon the sentence structure.
Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com
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