INTRODUCTION
It was early of 2003 that there was a crucial period for the process of agricultural trade negotiations in the WTO that will be able to determine the final shape and details of certain agricultural agreement within the collision of results on developing countries as this agreement was called DOHA “development” round with the consistent participation of developing countries in the current round of agricultural trade negotiations as be grounded in analytical and empirical understanding of the effects of various research. ( 2005) Thus, there provides appraisal of the issues involved in the negotiating modalities of the European Union (EU) and United States (US) as well as Japan. The EU and the US represents the deeper reforms in terms of evaluating how the development round affects the economies of these countries most of it, the developing and least-developed countries and that the process will provide better basis for the group involved to assert priorities for crucial and useful efforts in the context of the Doha Round of World Trade Organizations respectively. (2005) The importance and the reality behind agricultural protectionism in agricultural markets of developed countries as to what DOHA development round really achieved as it is needed to keep the economist society in its proper shape and function for growth and stability of developed countries in terms of positive environment balance in useful aspect of development and change. ( 2006)
DISCUSSION
It was said that the civil society groups demanded stronger protection for developing countries in DOHA development round of international trade negotiations and asked EU in ensuring that protection for poor and development countries is built into the Doha round of trade negotiations in order to discuss EU promises to put development issues at the heart of the Doha Round. ( 2006) The Doha Development which is designed to lead to further reductions in trade barriers for agriculture, services, and textile imports, as well as ensuring that trade agreements did not damage the environment and is expected to last as the most complex trade negotiations and be given greater right to invest in developing countries without restriction. ( 2001) Moreover, the World Trade Organization is working with the EU and other countries to help developing and least developed countries adjust to a multilateral trading system as it seems hard to believe that there will be a major ingredient of the Doha Round as it implies to the agricultural protectionism of those countries affected by its presence in the economy although it is quite difficult to really liberalize services in a negotiating context based on such concessions as shown by the EU in which of intense efforts, has made very limited progress in opening up domestic markets in services on this basis. ( 2001)
Henceforth, lowering the operating costs of services would be equivalent to reducing trade barriers, creating similar opportunities based on the following quid-pro-quo: developing countries would lower their own trading costs while service providers from developed countries would gain access to new service markets in developing countries. ( 2003) Thus, if the global community hopes to avoid unduly slow progress in the Doha Round as it needs a “Grand Vision” (, 2005) that takes the emerging market economies to take a leadership role that will help avoid the disastrous tendency to oversell the outcome of an individual round that can oversold the Doha development in terms of protecting the importance of agriculture in developed countries. ( 2003) Henceforth, in supporting further achievements such deal of the Doha Round can be good and successful if there is a satisfactory outcome on agriculture even though the deal cannot consist solely of agriculture as for European Union, the US and Japan, the ‘pain’ they will have to endure on agriculture can only be justified politically if they can achieve gains in areas like services and industrial tariffs. However, the reality is that the Doha Round has been an enterprise consisting of a number of components of which agriculture is considered and striking a deal which could be balanced and realistic and holds out the prospect of a final accord which serves everyone’s interests for good living. (2002)
When Doha round of trade talks began, World Trade Organization aimed to establish a framework for negotiations to reduce trade barriers and subsidies in agriculture. There can be no overstating the importance of these negotiations, particularly for developing countries. ( 2001) Rich countries’ agricultural subsidies and import barriers pose a significant obstacle to development and poverty alleviation in the developing world, where more than 97 percent of the people are engaged in agriculture and import barriers could lift annual rural income in the developing world and the total development process globally. ( 2001) The framework for future reform of trade in agriculture are vital to the negotiations because they spell out how governments should address key issues like tariff reductions, curbing of export competition distortions, special and differential treatment for developing countries and cutting domestic subsidies to farmers. (1999) On the contrary, there are widespread indications that delegations are committed to carry on with their work in agriculture and other areas as well. It is essential that they do so. It is just as crucial that governments pursue a strategy of positive linkages among the issues that comprise the Doha negotiations. ( 2005) Agriculture is by no means the only element of these talks. Issues like the liberalization of trade in services, the reduction of tariffs on manufactured products, rules for dealing with unfair trade practices and the relationship between trade and environmental protection are important and must continue if the Doha round is successful and the global trading system is to remain vibrant. (2005)
The Doha negotiations constitute what is known as a single undertaking. ( 2005) This facilitates tradeoffs, so governments that are reluctant to break down import barriers in one sector may be more agreeable if they are presented with opportunities for exporters in another sector. In other words, by inching closer to agreement to pare back barriers to trade in telecommunications as it may become easier to find solutions to the problems we face in agriculture. (2001) Failure to reach agreement on the Doha negotiations would possibly raise fears that governments are incapable of taking the decisions needed to address the global economic slowdown and to help alleviate poverty in the developing world. All of this would send a very bad signal to a very nervous world. (1992) USA and EU tried to introduce ‘new issues’ of trade and investment, playing down contentious issues, opening negotiations on existing agreements and initiating new tariff discussions. (2002) Thus, the excessive protectionism that restricts the reach of ‘developing country’ markets was also not addressed and some critics have suggested that this will even intensify in view of the global economic downturn in years. (, 2002)
Greater participation in world trade, according to this view, will directly increase the income of the poorest one-fifth of the world’s population. Trade liberalization has many negative impacts on the agricultural policies of southern countries however, shifting the priorities of the government from their own citizens to the needs of a volatile international market. Agriculture accounts for less than 10 per cent of world trade, some 70 per cent of which comes from ‘developing countries’ (, 2001) as the global agro-food system is skewed against the interests of poor farmers. Those who have broken into these markets have not always seen incomes rise, since prices have actually fallen for a number of agricultural commodities which has not always led to ‘pro-poor growth’ (2001). The bad news is that the Doha round of the World Trade Organization remains on life support. (, 2005) The good news is that it is not completely dead as there were some hard decisions on agricultural subsidies were kicked down the road and a tentative timetable for resolving them in lieu of keeping trade liberalization moving forward in the difficult areas of agriculture and services is one of the most important issues now facing the international community. (2005) The trade talks are in constant danger of foundering between anti-globalization protestors’ of the modern world and the developed countries’ attachment to subsidies of domestic interest groups which closes their markets to products from developing countries. (, 2003)
The way the industrial countries could provide even greater benefits to the developing countries: trade liberalization because such removal of industrial country barriers would provide the opportunity to developing countries to boost economic growth through increased exports. (2003) Moreover, opening markets would give gains to the industrial countries in the form of lower prices for their loyal consumers and meant that it is critical for the existing Doha Development Round of trade negotiations in the WTO ( 2003) achieve deep liberalization that justifies the economy for the positive status in agriculture as the Doha round almost failed to aspire for their effectiveness in those countries within the boosting of political commitment from the leaders of both the rich and the developing countries amicably. (2003)
CONCLUSION
There needs to be done in agriculture and manufacturing and that rich and emerging economies should liberalize agriculture and the few remaining protected industrial sectors that are crucial for developing countries, developing countries should focus on reducing and binding their duties as several developing countries cover a quarter of their GDP for most of the least developed countries and that would be roughly what was achieved. (2004) Moreover, if the Doha round triggers domestic reforms, welfare gains are enormous despite the fact that the aggregate level of its agriculture protection has been moved within the effective liberalization and needs to convince other developing countries that most of the gains that developing countries will get from freer trade will come from their own liberalization within the useful trading powers as crucial for the long-term credibility of the multilateral trade regime. The United States and the EU should facilitate such an overhaul and needs to eliminate their own protectionist clusters in relation to the poorest countries and possibly give the emerging trading powers the role these countries deserve. ( 2005)
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