Research Articles Base

DISCUSS THE MAJOR STAGES IN THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR BUYING PROCESS AND HOW A DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF THE DECISION PROCESS MODEL HELPS MARKETERS TO DEVELOP MORE EFFECTIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES IN CAPTURING AND RETAINING COSTUMERS

Consumer Behavior and Decision Model Abstract Consumers play an important role in making a business profitable. A business also plays part in the market that greatly affects the buying and selling behavior. Both are plays a vital in market but at some point, the concept of making a right product or service for a consumer is not that enough. There are many things that a business should consider to create an impact. One of their business strategies is identifying the decision model and recognizing the consumer behavior in buying process. The Consumer Behavior Consumer Behavior is the theory used by the marketers to explain the different actions of a person that takes in purchasing and using the products or services. Consumers have their own rights to decide about the products they will or refuse to buy. There are many considerations that take a role in making decisions and influences that affect their buying process. In addition, researchers recognized the five stages of a consumer in terms of buying process which is the consumers are somehow unaware of its existence. Major Stages in the Consumer Behavior Buying Process The stages in consumer buying decision process gives impact in the behavior of each and every consumer and sometimes vary on what kind of products they are going to purchase or acquire. Problem Recognition is the first stage where the need is perceived. It involves the perceiving difference between a person’s ideal and actual situations to establish a decision. The Information Search or the seeking of the value of a product is the second stage. The information search clarifies the available options that a consumer may consider. It can be in two ways: Internal search like scanning from the past experience or knowledge; or External search like information came from family, friends, or advertisement. Alternative Evaluation or the assessment of the value is also the third stage for buying process. After the clarification of the information, consumer may consider the different factors that may contribute to the value of the product and establish some qualitative alternatives. The Purchase Decision which is same as the buying value is the fourth buying process stage. The purchase decision comes in three possibilities: where to buy, when to buy, and do not buy. The “where to buy” depends on different considerations such as terms of sale, past experience from the seller and its return policy. The “when to buy” is in accordance to the contributed influence like the store atmosphere, time pressure, and even sale discounts that may add to the shopping experience of a consumer. And the “do not buy” option is the available decision whether the consumer may turn down any offers. The fifth stage is the Post-purchase Behavior or the value in consumption or use. After buying a product, a consumer compares it with expectations and may result in satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Both results affect the consumer value perceptions, communications and repeat-purchase behavior. Many firms work to produce positive post-purchase communication among consumers and contribute to relationship building between sellers and buyers. One strategy of many firms is to use ads or follow-up calls from salespeople most especially in post-purchase stage in attempt to convince the consumers that they made the right decisions in purchasing their products. Many marketers believe that customer satisfaction is based on different attributes for different types of services. Therefore, a differentiated satisfaction from post-purchase evaluation experiences and found that consumers understand the differences of a product (, , and , 1998).   How Do Consumers Make Decisions Marketers find troubles in identifying the right answer on how consumers create their decisions. Firms and organizations manipulate the various principles of marketing, so that the consumers may reach to the point in choosing which products or brands to buy and which are to ignore (, 2001). Marketers need to understand the specific decision-making strategy used by each consumer in acquiring a product. If this is done, marketers can position their product in such a manner that the decision-making strategy leads consumers to select their product. Decision Model Many marketers of firms adopt the Decision Model to help them establish a good reputation based on consumer experiences. The decision model has greatly involved in business logic that becomes a strategic instrument of the business leaders. The decision model revolutionizes the business development and considered as an important element in decision-aware business processes. Decision Model in Business Process Organizations and firms use the decision model to deliver simplicity, productivity and cost-saving in terms of their business process. The business decisions correspond to the business logic presented by the decision model of the consumers ( and , 2009). Simplification or simplifying a product reveals in the decision model since consumers preferred the important use of the product rather than its physical attributes. Some of the firms were challenged by the market to create a product that can be a candidate for reuse which is economically friendly for both the consumers and the manufacturers. The business’s process models represent all the business logic to be easily delivered but more completely, accurately, and visually ( and , 2009). Most specifically, the families may take part in using all of the delivered products that can be accessible and easy to use. One thing that may take part in this kind of deliverance is the technological aspect of the product that makes the product more efficient. The decision model emerges as the model of the business logic or an aspect of a business system. It includes the planning models, business process models, semantic models, organization, and location models. The decision model also plays an important role in linking business and technology. It plays a role in improving how systems are tested for the conformance and satisfaction of different consumers ( and , 2009). Conclusion Firms or marketers should consider the important factor that may affect the consumer behavior. The value of satisfaction plays an important aspect in making future decisions for both the consumers and the firms. For most of the consumers based their trust in the satisfaction they received upon the purchased product or acquired service. It is a challenge for the firm to be successful in satisfying the needs and wants of every consumer but it is a good step to make the business fruitful. References: Other Sources: Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

DISCUSS THE MAJOR STAGES IN THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR BUYING PROCESS AND HOW A DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF THE DECISION PROCESS MODEL HELPS MARKETERS TO DEVELOP MORE EFFECTIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES IN CAPTURING AND RETAINING COSTUMERS

Consumer Behavior and Decision Model Abstract Consumers play an important role in making a business profitable. A business also plays pa...

Research Proposal on Role of Development Banks to Socio-economic Development of Rural Dwellers – Case Study of Agriculturists in Nigeria

Role of Development Banks to Socio-economic Development of Rural Dwellers – Case Study of Agriculturists in Nigeria   1.0        Background According to Crane et al (1995), the function of the financial system is primarily to facilitate the allocation and deployment of economic resources across borders and time in an uncertain environment. Further, there are six basic functions that the financial system performs. The first function is clearing and settling of payments to facilitate the exchange of goods, services and assets. The set of institutional arrangements for accomplishing such task is called the payment system. As such, the mechanisms for transactions are designed to deal with the costs and risks associated with the process. Poling resources and subdividing shares are the second function, purporting diversification. Notably, the minimum investment required to run a business is often beyond the means of an individual or the group of individual. Further, financial systems provide opportunities for these individuals to participate in large indivisible investments. The third function is to transfer economic resources through time, across geographic regions and among industries. This is life cycle allocation of household consumption and allocation of physical capital for the productive use of the business sector. Management of uncertainty and controlling risks are the fourth function wherein risks are allocated through elaborate financial securities, through private sector and government intermediaries. Providing information and dealing with incentive problems are the fifth and sixth functions, respectively. The financial system provides price information to assist in coordinating decentralized decision-making in various sectors of the economy. As well, the financial system provides ways in dealing with the incentive problems when one party to a financial transaction has information that the other party does not, or when one party is an agent for another (pp. 12-16).            Banking services are introduced to the rural areas for the purpose of reducing income inequalities since the operation of the formal financial system could positively affect the economic opportunities for the poor. It has been reported by BBC (2005) that banking in the rural areas provides access to the people as this remains as an important aspect of the financial system. Rural banks interact closely to the communities where people reside and work, leading to speed of service, reduced transportation costs and. In this way, rural banks are not only for the rural sector but also an indispensable partner of the government to countryside development. However, there are very limited literatures on how the banking system implicates the rural population especially through the process of rural banking.    2.0        Problem Statement The key issue that will be addressed in the study is does the establishment of development banks influence and contribute to the social and economic development of the dwellers and in particular in Nigeria. Banking is an indispensable element in the urban system hence the diverse, systematic cash points in cities. In the rural area, this may not be the case as there are alternative financial strategies that they employ such as through local financial associations. The following research questions will be given answer to: 1)   How do the residents of rural areas perceive the importance of development banks in the development of the area itself as well as its dwellers? 2)   In what specific ways rural development banking benefit the dwellers specifically the agriculturists? 3)   How rural development banking affect the traditional financial practices of these agriculturists toward their development?   3.0        Study Objectives The main aim of this strategy is to investigate the role of development banks to the Nigerian rural population. In lieu with this, these specific objectives will be addressed: ·         Determine the perceived benefits/advantages of development bank on the dwellers in general ·         Distinguish the effect/outcomes of rural development banking to the agriculturists ·         Analyse the ways in which rural development banking improve/can improve the quality of lives of the dwellers economically and socially   4.0        Methodology The research will use a multi-method approach to gather the pertinent data as it can yield to two major advantages. As Saunders et al (2003) puts it, on the one hand is that different methods can be used for different purposes in the study and on the other is that it enables triangulation to take place. The research will operate within the cross-sectional. Another method that will be employed is the case study. According to Robson (2002), a case study is a “strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence.” In this study, primary and secondary research will be both incorporated. The reason for this is to be able to provide adequate discussion for the readers that will help them understand more about the issue and the different variables that involve with it. The primary data for the study will be represented by the survey results that will be acquired from the respondents. For my research, I have chosen the survey strategy because it can gather a large amount of data from a sizeable population in a highly economical way. The questionnaire will be data gathering instrument used for the survey and would be composed of two parts. The first part will contain information regarding the researcher and the purpose of the study; details about the respondents. The second part of the questionnaire is the survey proper. On the other hand, the literature reviews to be presented in the second chapter of the study will represent the secondary data of the study. The secondary sources of data will come from published articles from books, journals, theses and related studies, newspaper and magazines.   5.0        Timeframe 		        		TASK 		Weeks 		1st 		2nd 		3rd 		4th  		 		5th 		6th 		7th   		 		8th 		9th 		10th 		11th  		 		12th 		Read 		Literature 		 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		 		Finalize Objectives 		 		  		 		  		 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Draft 		Literature Review 		 		  		  		  		  		 		  		 		  		 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Devise 		Research Approach 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Review 		Secondary Data 		  		  		  		  		 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		 		Organize Survey 		  		  		  		  		 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Develop 		Survey Questions 		  		  		  		  		 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Conduct 		Survey 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Analyze 		Secondary and Primary Data 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		 		Evaluate Data 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Draft 		Findings Chapter 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		 		Complete Remaining Chapters 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Submit 		to Tutor and Await Feedback 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Revise 		Draft and Format for Submission 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Print, 		Bind 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		Submit 		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		  		        References   Crane, D B, Bodie, Z, Froot, K A, Mason, S P, Perold, A F and Merton, R C 1995, The Global Financial System: A Functional Perspective, Harvard Business Press, Boston, USA.   ‘How to best bank in rural areas,’ BBC News, retrieved on 13 November 2009, from http://news.bbc.co.uk.   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Research Proposal on Role of Development Banks to Socio-economic Development of Rural Dwellers – Case Study of Agriculturists in Nigeria

Role of Development Banks to Socio-economic Development of Rural Dwellers – Case Study of Agriculturists in Nigeria 1.0 ...

The Housing Market’s

The Housing Market’s

Forecasts of the housing market’s demise in recent years have been premature. The prolonged housing boom has been due not only to strong d...

Sample Analysis on the Effectiveness of Lean Manufaturing and Outsourcing Among International Business Organizations in the ELectronics Industry Essay

Analysis on the Effectiveness of Lean Manufacturing and Outsourcing among International Business Organizations in the Electronics Industry     Introduction and Problem Statement             Globalization has been the current characteristics among business organizations. Geographic boundaries as well as time have been successfully overcome through innovations and advancements in technology as a result of globalization. Profit-seeking organizations across the world are continuously expanding operations in order to extend the reach of marketing and promotion agenda all in the effort to increase the share in consumer base. Business operations at present are capable of delivering the needs and demands of the consumers and clients both in the local and international markets through incessant business reengineering processes. Aggressive market competition across the world is evident among the existing industries in terms of the information management, physical resources allocation, human capital reserves, financial strategies, procurement and logistics concerns, supply chains, sales and marketing objectives, performance goals, social and corporate responsibilities, and levels of customer satisfaction.               The emergence of a global community has been the result of internationalization trends and initiatives among varying political beliefs, cultural orientations, economic characteristics, and environmental consciousness (Kim and Weaver, 2003). According to Teeple (2000) profit accumulation among business organizations has undergone a shift from the national level to the supranational global setting where information and capital resources flow more ceaseless and relentless. As people become more and more conveniently connected, produced goods and services are likewise becoming more and more available in every possible market place in different localities marked with more frequent international travels and the commonness of virtual communication (Porter, 2004). Moreover, the acquisition of basic knowledge, resources, investments, technology, and ethical beliefs became more fluent across different locations where sharing has been the normal and best practice (Lazarus, 1998).                 The end result of the popularity of globalization principles as well as practices led to varying emotional appeals and implications among different individuals as its definitions are associated with various meanings. Changes in the social settings have been witnessed which piloted diverse perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding globalization impacts within the continuum of the positive and the negative extremities.  People have different emotive inclinations when asked regarding the concept and impact of globalization. There are those who believe in the in the benefits that globalization brings to existing social communities such as the inevitable and irreversible progress and development of the economy while others welcomed it with hostility as brought about by fears on worse social inequalities within and between existing nations and organizations. But nevertheless, it can not be denied that globalization initiated the trends towards greater international movements in terms of commodity, money, information, and people along with the growth and improvements of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures.                 According to Lazarus (1998) the literal meaning of globalization rests on the social changes that characterize it particularly when it comes to forms and channels of social interconnection between people along with other cultural, economic, political, and social activities. In this regard, the contextual meanings of globalization range from (1) the communication and social contacts between distant places that creates mutual understanding, (2) freer trade practices across different market economies between and among commercial industries, and (3) exploitative aspects such as prevarication of legal policies and regulations as well as moral norms and principles (Lazarus, 1998). In this respect, globalization characterizes the new world order in terms of more liberal principles and practices, increased innovation in technologies, and large-scale transnational integration (Scheuerman, 2002).         Within the context of the electronics manufacturing industry, globalization trends resulted to excessive competition between and among business organizations that cater to the needs and demands on electronics products and services. The multi-level and large-scale operations among electronics manufacturing companies led to the formation of new business strategies that concern the entirety of the traditional business processes. The search for continuous and sustainable developments, increased customer satisfaction, and faster return on investments as well as the issues and considerations regarding shorter product life cycle, innovation, unpredictable economic trends, and more sophisticated customer specifications necessitated the call for extensive reformulation of business goals and performance objectives in order to endure the demands of the existing market economies along with aims to gain competitive advantage over industry competitors.   At present, business organizations that belong to the international electronics manufacturing industry deal with the implications of globalization through intensive reforms and reengineering initiatives on business processes. The aggressive competition that characterize internationally operating electronics manufacturing companies led to the utilization of various business operation strategies that will best serve the intentions of the business organizations. These include the implementation and application of contemporary operations management schemes and techniques that can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the manufacturing and production processes. Due to globalization trends and the need to produce and manufacture at voluminous levels, quality control issues as well as effective resource utilization plan systems confronts modern operations management approaches. Among the popularly applied operations strategies within the international electronics manufacturing industry include the use of lean manufacturing and outsourcing principles and practices.   Simply put, lean manufacturing quality control system was designed to minimize if not eliminate the material wastes associated with production. The system involves enhancement on the value system of the manufacturing processes in order to create more efficient production practices through minimal waste of resources, labor, and time. Lean manufacturing are most utilized by large-scale manufacturing companies which are concerned with mass production operations (1999). On the other hand, outsourcing is a strategic operation approach that involves the mediation and support of another company in completing business operations through singed contract agreements. Also known as contract manufacturing, outsourcing aims to deliver quality products to customers that at the same time enables the reduction of the amount of incurred expenditures from material purchasing and labor costs. It is a strategic alliance between two companies committed to the execution of collaborative models and techniques (1998).   In this light, this academic research activity aims to compare and contrast the level of effectiveness of lean manufacturing and outsourcing among mass production operations of large-scale and transnational business organizations. More specifically, the research study is geared towards the provision of comprehensive and holistic assessment and evaluation of lean manufacturing and outsourcing practices within the context of business organizations belonging to the international electronics manufacturing industry. The entirety of the research paper focuses on the discussions that will determine which of the two operations approaches is most appropriate within the context of the international electronics manufacturing industry. The research argues that full implementation of the lean manufacturing value system is more effective than the principles and practices of outsourcing in the electronics manufacturing industry.            Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Sample Analysis on the Effectiveness of Lean Manufaturing and Outsourcing Among International Business Organizations in the ELectronics Industry Essay

Analysis on the Effectiveness of Lean Manufacturing and Outsourcing among International Business Organizations in the Electronics Industry...

Counseling and Alcoholism

Counseling and Alcoholism Effective Ways of Motivating Treatment for Alcoholic Adolescents   Introduction             Alcoholism is one of the problems that the society faces today. It does not only affect certain individuals and families, but the whole community as well. It has been reported that approximately 14 million Americans or about 7.4% of the adult population meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or alcoholism ( 2006). In addition, many diseases are being attributed to alcoholism, such as cancer, psychological disorders, ulcers, brain damage, glandular problems, birth defects and other bodily malfunctions. These diseases cause the lives of many Americans annually. Moreover, adults are not the only ones suffering from alcoholism, but teenagers as well. The community and the society become affected with the issue of alcoholism, as many teenagers commit crimes as an effect of drinking alcohol. It has been reported that the total cost attributable to underage drinking, including costs of traffic crashes, violent crime, injuries, and treatment, is over billion per year ( 2006). With these problems, it is necessary to propose treatment of alcoholism at an early age, preferably to teenagers or adolescents. With an early treatment, the incidence of alcoholism can be lessened in adult years. In this paper, the effective ways of motivating treatment for alcoholic teenagers or alcoholics will be presented. These ways will be evaluated and assessed to examine its effectiveness in convincing adolescents for early treatment of alcoholism. The hypothesis of this study is to prove whether adolescents with a family history of alcoholism is more likely to become alcoholics in the future. This will be proven and supported by the discussion of related studies already done.   Definition of Terms Alcoholism – Binge drinking – Hallucinations – Homicide – Suicide –                           Review of Literature Facts on Alcoholism             Alcoholism is also known as alcohol dependence and is considered a disease with symptoms such as craving or feeling a strong urge to drink; loss of control or not being able to stop once drinking has begun; physical dependence such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety; and tolerance or drinking greater amounts of alcohol to “get high” (2006). Many people believe that drinking alcohol will and may ease their problems regarding their family, work and the society, but in fact, it would not. Acquiring alcoholism may lead to more serious complications and fatal illnesses that would cause the person’s life.             Several think that alcoholism is a disease, and in fact, the  (2006) is supporting this statement. The Institute explains that the craving that an alcoholic feels for alcohol can be as strong as the need for food or water, and an alcoholic will continue to drink despite serious family, health, or legal problems. Moreover, like many other diseases, alcoholism is chronic, which means that it lasts a person’s lifetime, usually follows a predictable course, and has symptoms (2006). The risk for developing alcoholism is influenced by both the person’s genes and by his or her lifestyle (2006).              It has been reported that alcoholism was first recognized as a disease in the 1930s by a group called “Alcoholics Anonymous”, and since then, the American Medical Association has recognized alcoholism as a serious and chronic disease (2005). Alcoholism takes time to develop, but once it develops, it does not go away (2005). Cure is not available for alcoholism, but is treatable, and with proper treatment, an alcoholic will be able to reclaim his or her normal, satisfying lifestyle (2005).             It has been reported that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about 2 billion people worldwide who consume alcoholic beverages and  76.3 million with diagnosable alcohol use disorders (2004). From a public health perspective, the global burden related to alcoholism and alcohol consumption, both in terms of morbidity and mortality, is considerable in most parts of the world (2004). Moreover, given alcohol’s significance in world health, the World Health Organization has been developing a database since 1996, named the Global Alcohol Database, in its aim in providing a standardized reference source of information for global epidemiological surveillance of alcohol use and its related problems (2004). This database will be helpful for the organization to record the incidence of alcoholism worldwide. This is essential so the government can take action and responsibility in proposing or implementing programs to help lessen the incidence of alcoholism.   Similarly, in the United States, alcohol is still the number one drug problem, and affects adolescents, middle-aged people and senior citizens, and people of all races, religions, intelligence levels and professions (2005). In fact, there are approximately 18 million alcoholics in America (2005), and this high incidence affects many aspects in the society. In 1995, the estimated annual cost of alcohol abuse in the United States was 6.5 billion, where alcohol use disorders cost .7 billion more than the estimated annual economic cost of illegal drug use and .5 billion more than the estimated annual economic cost of smoking ( 2006).      Effects of Alcoholism              Alcoholism presents a variety of effects, not only on the physical or biological aspect of an individual, but on the society as well. It has been reported that short-term physical effects of alcohol use include distorted vision, hearing and coordination, altered perceptions and emotions, impaired judgment and hangovers (1999). On the other hand, long-term physical effects of heavy alcohol use include loss of appetite, vitamin deficiencies, stomach ailments, skin problems, sexual impotence, liver damage, heart and central nervous system damage, and memory loss (1999). Long-term physical effects also include diseases and organ malfunctions. These diseases include brain damage, which varies from psychosis to permanent memory loss; cancer, such as in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach due to the irritating effects of alcohol; heart disease, such as an enlarged heart and congestive heart failure; liver damage leading to cirrhosis or scarring of the liver and liver cancer; ulcers that produces stomach and intestinal irritation; glandular problems in the adrenal and pituitary glands; and birth defects on women who drink alcohol during pregnancy (2005). This condition is known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or FAS (2005).             Aside from the diseases caused by alcoholism, it also presents psychological and psychiatric problems, which in turn determines social issues happening in the society, such as suicide, accidents, and crimes. Some of these problems include depression, which can be triggered by alcoholism and vice versa; anxiety, which occurs during attempted withdrawal; change in personality with loss of normal behavior and appearance; and hallucinations, which is an affect of alcohol withdrawal ( 1997). These psychiatric problems often lead to social issues such as suicide, which is result of depression; accidents, being a result of drunk-driving; and physical abuse, which are the cause of a large portion of homicides, child abuse cases and other domestic violence cases (2005).   Adolescent Alcoholism             Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are not only adult problems, but they also affect a significant number of adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 20, even though drinking under the age of 21 is illegal (2000). According to a research done by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, adolescents who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21(2000). In addition, drinking at an early age can also be associated with alcohol-related violence, not only among persons under the age of 21 but among adults as well (2000).             It has been estimated that over three million teenagers are alcoholics, and several million more have a serious drinking problem that they cannot manage on their own (2000). This is why early treatment of alcoholism in adolescents must be done to prevent further damage on their lives. It has been mentioned earlier that alcoholism presents grave threats on the lives of many individuals, especially on the lives of many teenagers. These threats include accidents associated with drunk driving, and crimes. It has been reported that the three leading causes of death for 15 to 24 year olds are automobile crashes, homicides and suicides, and alcohol is a leading factor in all three (2000). While drinking may be a singular problem behavior for some, research suggests that for others if may be an expression of general adolescent turmoil that includes other problem behaviors and that these behaviors are linked to unconventionality, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking (2000).             It has been reported that binge drinking, often begins around the age of 13, tends to increase during adolescence, peak in young adulthood in the ages between 18 to 22, then gradually decreases (2000). Individuals who increase their binge drinking from the age of 18 to 24 and those who consistently binge drink at lease once a week during this period may have problems attaining the goals typical of the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (2000). These goals include marriage, education, employment, and financial independence (2000).             Moreover, alcohol use among adolescents has also been associated with considering, planning, attempting, and completing suicide (2000). Research does not indicate whether drinking causes suicidal behavior, only that the two behaviors are correlated (2000). Suicide is also related to depression and anxiety, for these behaviors somehow trigger alcoholics to result to suicide. In addition, these behaviors can also become severe with the influence of alcohol. This is why during the event of suicide, the alcoholic has already experienced severe depression and anxiety prior to the activity, including the fact that with the influence of alcohol, a person cannot make sound judgments.             Furthermore, the influence of peers can also be attributed to adolescent drinking. More often than not, adolescents become exposed to alcohol drinking through their peers. With this, the role of the parents becomes crucial in the discipline of their children. Proper guidance must be given to adolescents regarding drinking alcohol. Education also is important, for information regarding alcoholism and drug abuse must be give to adolescents for early prevention.   Parental Guidance and Influence             (2000) reports that parents’ drinking behavior and favorable attitudes about drinking have been positively associated with adolescents’ initiating and continuing drinking. Children who were warned about alcohol by their parents and children who reported being closer to their parents were less likely to start drinking (2000). Lack of parental support, monitoring and communication has been significantly related to frequency of drinking, heavy drinking, and drunkenness among adolescents (2000). Harsh, inconsistent discipline and hostility or rejection toward children have also been found to significantly predict adolescent drinking and alcohol-related problems (2000).                 Methodology             Thirty participants (30) will be included in the study, and will be randomly selected from the population. The age will be considered, for only 13 to 20 years olds will be asked to participate in the study. This age bracket will be considered because at these ages, adolescents become exposed for the first time to alcoholic drinks or beverages. The socioeconomic status of the participants will also be considered, for it can be assumed that many adolescents belonging to the lower class of society are more exposed to alcoholic drinks compared to the adolescents belonging to the middle class or from the elite. Aside from these, the education of the participants will also be considered. Education is also a good basis for the knowledge of the participants regarding alcoholism.     These 30 participants will be asked to answer a questionnaire, for easy evaluation of their exposure and interest in alcoholic drinks. The questionnaire will have 20 questions that will be answered by each of the participants.        Summary                               Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Counseling and Alcoholism

Counseling and Alcoholism Effective Ways of Motivating Treatment for Alcoholic Adolescents Introduction Alcoholism is...